Pupillary reflex a me na hoailona o ka pio

Mau maka i 'ano nui kino no ka maʻamau functioning o ke kino a me ka hooko ana i ke ola. O ka papa kuhikuhi hana - no ka pokole o ka malamalama stimuli, a pela he mea he kiʻi.

mall hiʻona

He kaʻike ākea hui, o ka ike i loko o ka kūikawā lua o ka puniu wale no, a ua kapaia ka Astronomical. C. laterally poai puniia maka nāʻiʻo, ma i ka mea, ua paʻa, a nee aku no ia. Maka ninoieo o kekahi mau māhele.

1. Koke a poʻopoʻo ka, a i ka spherical shape ma kahi o 24 mm o ka nui. Ua ninoieo o vitreous, maka aniani, a me ka koʻana koko Quotes. A pau keia ua hoopuniia e ekolu membranes: ke kumuʻiʻo, vascular hei a me ka hooponopono i loko aʻe mea. Hehee wale, mahalo no i ka mea huli i ka kiʻi, Aia ma luna o ka retina. Mau kumu mua i na receptors i nā ikepili koʻikoʻi i ka malamalama;
2. Aiiay ka manaʻo, a he o ka luna, a malalo lihilihi, maka kīnā;
3. Adnexa. I ka papa kuhikuhiE eiiiiiaiou i ka lacrimal gland a me kona ducts;
4. Oculomotor nenoaiu, i mea kuleana no ka holo ana o ka'ōnohi a poʻopoʻo ka, a ua haku o nāʻiʻo;
5. Optic nā aʻalolo.

walaʻauʻana oihana

O ka papa hana hana 'ia ma ka hihiʻo - ke hoʻokaʻawale ma waena o nāʻano physical ano o ka mea, e like me ka mālamalama,ʻano, kinona, ka nui. Ma ka huipūʻana a me ka hana o nā analyzers (lohe, nā dudima, etc.) e leie aku, e hooponopono i ke kulana o ke kino ma ka makahiki, akā, i ka hoʻoholo 'ana i ka mamao i ke kiʻi. Ia mea ke kumu o ka Kāohiʻana o ka maka mai e halihaliia oia iwaho me ka enviable regularity.

Imua o ka pupillary reflex

Ma maʻamau hana o ka maka, ma lalo o kekahi mawaho reactions ana no laila, i kapaʻia pupillary reflexes, ma i ka haumāna ua hou paha widened. Pupillary reflex, reflex piʻo i ka mea o ka anatomical kūpapakū o ka naoh o ka haumāna i ka malamalama hoike o ka maka ola a me ka pau meaola. A no ke aha la i loko o nā maʻi kekahi ke kauka mua mea i loko o ka loaʻa, e kaha o keia reflex.

He aha ka ke NaI?

haumāna naoh, a no laila,-kapaia pupillary reflex (nā inoa - raduzhkovy reflex, reflex iritichesky) o kekahi loli ma ka laina Ana o ka maka haumāna. Ke kapu ua ana, kena ae la ia e contraction o na iris Muscle, a me ka mea nana e hoole kaʻina - hoʻomaha - hele aku ai i? Anoe? O ka haumāna.

hiki kumu

I kapaia ka hui malu pu ana o kekahi reflex stimuli, ka hapanui o ka a ua manaoia e e loli ma ka nui o ka hoʻomālamalama o ka puni makahiki. Eia hou kekahi, loli ma ka haumāna nui ke'ākoʻakoʻa no ka mea kēia mau kumu:

• hana o kekahi ai '. Ia mea ke kumu ka mea i hoʻohana like me ka ano o diagnosing ka moku'āina o ka overdose o ka lapaʻauʻia a me excessive hohonu o ka anesthesia;
• hoʻololi i ka pulakaumaka wahi o ka Hawaii o ke kanaka;
• mea naʻau outbursts, o ka poe io a me ka maikaʻi like.

Inā i pane

I ka nele o ka naoh o ka haumāna i ka malamalama i ka hōʻike kekahi mau Hawaii o ka poʻe e noho ana i ka pilikia i ke ola, a koi koke 'uao hoʻomalu.

Noaia pupillary reflex

ʻO nāʻiʻo i ka pāʻana i ka hana ana o ka haumāna hiki wawe ka pili kona waiwai inā e komo i ka kekahi stimulus mai ka waho. Ua apono 'oe e hoʻomaʻa i ka inflow o ka malamalama i komo' ana i loko o ka maka. Inā ka maka i ka pale umauma, mai hoʻopā ai Map, a laila, wehe ia, ka haumāna, i mea mālama '-hoʻonui i loko o ka pouli, hookahi hoemi i ka nui i ka wa o ka malamalama. Pupillary reflex, reflex piʻo e hoʻomaka ma ka retina, Hōʻike maʻamau functioning o ke kino.

Ke iris i mauʻano o nāʻiʻo. Kekahi pūʻulu mea he annular Muscle olona. Innervating parasympathetic olona, o ka optic nā aʻalolo. A pau kēia mau nāʻiʻo aelike, i kēia kaʻina kumu constriction o ka haumāna. Kekahi pūʻulu mea kuleana no ke anoe o ka haumāna. Ua nā kahahānai Muscle olona, a i innervated e kōkua aloha o nā aʻalolo.

Pupillary reflex huakai kaapuni a ka loa typical, i ka i kēia mea. Ka malamalama e hele ma papa o ka maka, a refracted maloko haule 'ana ma luna o ka retina. Photoreceptors, a i ke aupuni '' aneʻi, ma keia hihia, i ka hoomaka ana o ka reflex. Ma nā hua'ōlelo, keia mea ma ke alanui hoʻomaka a me ka pupillary reflex. Innervation o ka parasympathetic nā aʻalolo loli i ka hana o ka sphincter o ka maka, a me ka pupillary reflex piʻo kikowaena ia i loko o kona haku mele 'ana. Ke kaʻina hoʻi ua kapaʻia ka efferent lima. Aia Ua hoi ka ai-i kapaia mawaena konu o ka pupillary reflex, ma hope i likeʻole nā aʻalolo hoʻololi i kā lākou kuhikuhi ana: hele aku i kekahi o ia mau mea ma ka lolo kumu, a me ka hapa o ka maka kīnā ma ka luna kau, ka mea 'ē aʻe - a hiki i ka sphincter o ka haumāna. Ma keia alanui welau. Ia mea i ka pupillary reflex ua paa. I ka wa e kaawale aku ana ia i ka naoh e hōʻike i kekahi 'aʻe' ana i ke kino o ke kanaka, i ke kumu e attaches nui nui.

Pupillary reflex a me na hoailona o ka pio

Ma ka like ana o keia reflex ua laweʻia i loko o no kekahi mau 'ano o ka naoh:

• waiwai constriction o ka haumāna;
• 'ano;
• uniformity o ka naoh;
• ka hoʻoneʻe o na haumana.

Aia i kekahi mau loa Popular pathologies A laila'ōlelo akula ia accommodative pupillary reflexes a me ko lakou kupikipikio, e hoike ana i malfunctions ma ke kino:

• Amavroticheskaya immobility o na haumana. O kŰia ka lilo ana o ka mea i alakai mai naoh ka wā naauao ana makapo maka a me ka launa naoh hihio pilikia me ināʻaʻole mālama. Nā kumu i pinepine ka loa like maʻi o ka retina a me ka pilikia makapō alahele. Inā unilateral immobility o ka hopena o ka amaurosis (retinal lesions), a ua hui ia me ke anoe o ka haumāna, inā uuku, aia no he manawa kūpono o ka anisocoria (na haumana i okoa nui like 'ole). A hiki aku ka nahae 'ē aʻe pupillary naoh e ole e loli. Inā amaurosis e hoʻomōhala ai ma na aoao elua ( 'o ia hoʻi, e loli ana i nā maka i ka mea ia manawa), na haumana mai i pane koke, a hiki i ka wa a olohelohe ia lakou i ka la i ka kukuna o ua o ia mai,ʻo ia hoʻi, ka pupillary reflex mea pau kahi e.
• Kekahiʻano amavroticheskoy immobility o na haumana - gemianopicheskaya immobility o ka haumāna. Paha he mea he pio o ka optic'āpana, i ua pu ma ka hemianopsia, oa ka hapalua makapo o ka pilikia makapō ke kahua, a ua kaheaia ma ka wa e kaawale aku o ka pupillary reflex i loko o nā maka.

• Robertson immobility reflex a maʻi pale. , Ae waiho nei i loko o ka piha wa e kaawale aku o nā kauoha a me ka launa naoh o na haumana. Eia naʻe, e like me ka mua ano o ka make, ma o ka hoʻohui o ka muli o (constriction o na haumana ma o ka hanana e nana hoʻomōhala ma luna o kekahi mau 'wahi) a me ka noho (hoʻololi mawaho kumu ma i he mea kekahi kanaka) ua ole lakou lehulehu ana. Kēia symptom ua kauoha ae la ia e ka mea i loli e lawe wahi i loko o ka parasympathetic innervartsii maka ia he mea e make ai o parasympathetic nucleus, kona olona. Kēia maʻi pale e hōʻike i ke alo o ka loa ke kahua syphilis ko mākou hopohopo'ōnaehana, kākaʻikahi mau moʻolelo encephalitis maʻi pale, loloʻeho (ʻo ia, ma nā wāwae), e like me traumatic lolo eha.

• Loa a piha immobility o ka haumāna (ia mea, ka mea, ua i hou, a me ka mea i hoʻonui i pau). I ka paku ole ia i ka laau o ka malamalama kukuna haumāna diagnosed ma ka wa e kaawale aku ana i na kauoha a me ka launa pane i ka stimulus. ? Ac? Aaioea ia he naoh mea,ʻaʻole koke, akā, i nā. E like me ka rula, e hoʻomaka me ka 'aʻe' ana o physiological pupillary reactions - mydriasis (haumāna dilation), i ka nele o ka hoʻoneʻe o na haumana.

Nā kumu i e li nui i loko o ka nucleus, ka spine a me ke kumu o ke aʻalolo kuleana no ka maka neʻe, ka pulakaumaka i loko o ka ciliary kino, hikoko, abscesses posterior ciliary nā aʻalolo.