Shogunate - ka mea, Aloha absolutist? Eia i loko o Japan. Tokugawa Shogunate

Segunat- o kekahi o ka loa nui manawa i loko o ka mōʻaukala o Japan, ka Middle Ages, a ma kēia manawa. Ma ka lua o Ka Wā Kaukani ma Japan, he mau Shogunate, kela mea keia mea no i ka pilina i ke kahua o kaʻiʻo nō o kēia'āina o ka hikina a ka lā.

Kumu a me ka uhane kumu o ka shogunate Minamoto

E like me oe i ike, eager e hoʻololi i ka malu ma i ka mea, aohe kumupaʻa. Ma ka hopeʻumi makahiki noho alii ana o ke kumu 'ano o nā hanana pili aupuni i loko o ka'āina i lilo i feudal disunity. I ka nele o ka centralization a me ke kuʻikahi, hiki aku ai i ka loa? Aneiai hopena a me ka pinepine koaʻo Libena mea pono i hōkaiʻia ka ua lolelua ka Japan. Ke kumu nui no ka hoʻololi kālai'āina lima kūlana kiʻekiʻe i:

• feudal fragmentation;
• i ka wa e kaawale aku o ka ikaika oicyenoaaiiie ano laulea ma waena o nā wahi;
• ka hoʻonāwaliwali i ka mana o ka Auguseto.

Ke Shogunate mua ola mai ka 1192 a hiki i 1335. Loli i ke ola o ka aina a me ka mahuahua ole o na aʻo o Zen Hoʻomana Buda. Keia ao ana i nā lilo laha mawaena o kaua koʻikoʻi a hanohano. I ka pilina haipule kumu a me nā koa mana o ka samurai alakaʻi ai i ka naʻauao o kēia mau koʻikoʻi a hanohano i ka mea e noho aupuni aku. Samurai i he nui hopena ma luna o ka ulu o Japan.

Shogunate - he au o ka nui loli ma Japan

A hiki i ka hoʻomaka o ka XIII kenekulia, i ka nui o ka? Acaeoey o ka aina i koe'āina haʻahaʻa. Kēia stagnation e hoʻomau a hoʻomau, ina ole ua he loli i loko o ka noʻonoʻo o nā lālā kekahi o na koa a me ka feudal aristocracy, ka mea i hele mai i ka mana ma ka pau 'ana o ke kenekulia XII.

He aha nā loli i ia wahi ma hope o ka hiki ana o ka shogun? E noke koke ola i ole holomua, no ka mea, mea wale ole. I ia manawa, i kēia manawa, he hailona kaukaʻi ma ka oihana ha awina. Ma ka pōʻaiapili o na mokupuni, a me ka uuku wahi o ka aina i ka holomua kuai hiki wale nō ia i ke kūpono 'ana o ka'auwaʻa. Ka loa nui e piʻi like i ke kūpono 'ana o nā shoguns awa kulanakauhale, he mea ulu ma ke kalepa meaola. No ka laʻana, ma ka XI kenekulia he 40 wale oi a emi nui na kulanakauhale, a ma ka XVI kenekulia, i ka helu ana o na kulanakauhale e hele kokoke i ka 300.

Ke au o ka shogunate - ua pomaikai no akamai. E like me uaʻike, ma ka medieval Europe, ua hana nā hālāwai hoʻonaʻauao. Masters, ka mea i hele mai i loko o ka shop, ke hana ana. No laila, 'aneʻi ka mea, i nā hoomaka iho la makou e lilo ahahui o artisans. Similar ahahui i hana i waena o ka oihana. Ua Ua maopopo i hana hana me ka ike loea hoa, no laila, i ka hopena o ke kahua o ka uniona kālepa ua ahuwale.

Ke kanalua e piʻi like ana o ka hoopilikia ana o ka shogunate mua i lanakila feudal fragmentation. I ka papa kuhikuhiEʻano o ka'āina loiloi i loko o ke aupuni ua lilo uuku samurai allotments, i loaa ia lakou no ka oihana koa hana.

Ke kumu no ka hou ana o ka shogunate i loko o ka XVII kenekulia

Tokugawa shogunate - he naoh o nā loina Japanese ke kaiāulu i nā hanana i mai ai i loko o ka moku'āina ma ka hapalua like-lua o ka hapalua o ka XVI kenekulia. I ka lua o ka hele ana o ka samurai i ka mana, i kona Logical kumu:

• mau nō lā hoʻi o feudal fragmentation;
• ka meheu o nā papa hana o ke aupuni;
• ka muli oʻEulopa kaa a me ka holo 'ana o ke kuai me Portugal a me Europa,'āina'ē aʻe.

Ka mea nui wale, a ola no ka Samurai theme like i ka muli o ka malihini oihana mua (o ka poʻeʻEulopa) ka mea i hele mai i loko o hui 'ana me nā loina ke kaiāulu kanaka, entrenched no kenekulia mea i mālama' ia a kokoke hui 'ana me nā Likes o Kina i ka moʻomeheu a me Korea. Moʻolelo manaʻo i ke kukuluia'na o ka hui 'ana me' Eulopa i ka Logical impetus io? I ka paio ana no ka hanaia'na o ke centralized ikaika aupuni.

Japan ma ka XVII-XIX kenekulia

Ke au o ka shogunate - mea he kīnā o ke absolutism ma Japan. O ka holo ana, mai poina e pili ana i ke ola ana o ka imperial i nohoaliʻi ai, akā, me ka mana o kēia mau mea ua oi uhane ma mua o naita ma. shogunate? eia i hana i ka "paʻa" moku'āina. Ke Kepani awa i papaia, e komo i ka moku Europa. Inā a pau o kekahi ulia e like me ka moku i loko o ke awa, i ka poʻe noho ia malalo iho i ka uku hoopai. Kēia hoʻokaʻawale mau ae la ia no ka 250 makahiki, a hiki i ka waena o ka XIX kenekulia.

Inā mākou e kamailio e pili ana i ka Tokugawa Shogunate Ma pōkole, keia mea i ka wā o ka huina puʻe ma ka peasantry. Formally serfdom i loko o ka'āina,ʻaʻole i, akā, no na mea he nui kua'āina aina no a hiki i ka nui feudal haku. Ke Kula Kaiapuni 'auhau, aliʻi, mai ko na kauwa, a i hoʻolauna kauoha aku manaoia no ma kahi o 60% o kaʻohi.

papa kahua

Shogunate - he ano o ke aupuni, a i manao e malama i ka mea kahiko kuʻuna nenoaiu. Ma ka moku'āina o ka papa'ōnaehana i hoʻolauna. Ka heluna Ua maheleia i 4 pūʻulu: mahiʻai, artisans, samurais, poʻe kālepa. O ka papa kuhikuhi hana o kēia māhele. I ka malama ana o ka? Ueony i ka manawa o ka nohona o ka papa, i ka wa a ka mana o ka shogun, a me ka aeia no kulana o ka samurai i ike C. Brewer.

Ke kālepa papa i noʻonoʻo i ka haahaa o, akā, makemake nui ka mea, ua oi holomua ma mua o ko na kauwa, a artisans. Ke kūlanakauhale hoʻomau i ka hoʻomōhala. I ia manawa ma Japan ua oi aku mamua o 300 mau kūlanakauhale a me nā townships. Ke kumu o hoʻokiwikā? Acaeoey Ua pio ka polokalamu kaʻeleu kuai ma waena o nā mokupuni, a kokoke'āina (China, Korea), e like me ka pono me ka nui helu o ka handicraft ahahui.