Soviet Air Koa (VVS USSR): ka mōʻaukala o Soviet koa maunakea

I ka moolelo o Soviet koa maunakea, hoomaka ae la i ka 1918. Soviet Air Max i hana ka poʻe me ka hou'āina kaua. Ma 1918-1924 GG. ka mea, i kapaʻia ai ka hana i 'a kauwa' Red'auwaʻa, ma 1924-1946 GG. - Air Max Red Army. Ka mea, ua wale ma hope o ke Kaua Honua II i ka ua mau inoa o ka USSR Air Max, i koe ia a hiki i ka'opi o ka Soviet moku'āina.

headwaters

Ka mua manao o ka Bolsheviks ma hope e hele mai ana i ka mana i ka poe paio me ka "keʻokeʻo". Na Kanawai War, a me ka launaʻole hookahe koko hiki ole ke pio, e hana me ke kūkuluʻana i ka ikaika koa, moku a me ka air max. Ia Kekoa ua paa nae ka curiosities, a hoomaka ae la ko lakou nuipa ka hanaʻino i kekahi hope. Russian aupuni a haʻalele i ka hoʻoilina o Soviet mana he hookahi mahele, a oia no ke kükohu i kapaʻia ka "Ilya Muromets". Mau C-22 A lilo iho la ia i ke kumu no ka wā e hiki mai ai ka Soviet Air Max.

I ka 1918, he 38 squadrons, a ma ka 1920 i ka Air Max'auwaʻa - ua 83. Ma na fronts o ke Kanawai Kaua i 'ole ka hola 350 mokulele. Luna o ka RSFSR i nō e hana nā mea a pau i ka hoola a overstate Ballooning aliʻi hooilina. Ka mua Soviet mokulele he Alihikaua Nui la ua Konstantin Akashev, ka mea i paʻa i kēia i nā hana i loko o 1919-1921.

symbolism

i ka wā e hiki mai ana o ka USSR Air Max hae i aponoia i ka makahiki 1924 (ma ka mea mua i manaoia aerodrome hae o ka maunakea me ka ho okumu a me nā huahelu). Ka Ike kapa lilo i ka lā. Ma ka waena, aia he kiʻi o kaʻulaʻula hoku, ma loko o ka mea - i ka hāmare a me ka pahikakiwi. A laila, he'ē aʻe recognizable huapalapala: kālā soaring eheu a me propeller kōmi 'ana.

E like me ka USSR Air Max hae hae i apono ia ma ka makahiki 1967. Ke kiʻi Ua lilo loa mahalo. About ia i hoopoina, a hiki ma hope o ka'opi o ka USSR. Ma keia manao, i ka 2004 loaa mai mākou i ka like hae o ka Russian Hui Air Max. Ka oko ao i nīnūnē: mae ula hoku, hāmare a me ka pahi, ua Anati-mokulele, pū pōkā.

Development i 1920-1930-ies.

Luna o ke Kanawai War, ua e hoʻonohonoho i ka wā e hiki mai na puali koa o ka USSR i loko o nā kūlana o ka chaos a me ka hilahila. Wale nō ma hope o ka pio ana o ka "keʻokeʻo" ka hele, a me ka hoʻokumu o ka manaʻo aukahi moku'āina ka manawa e hoʻomaka i ka maʻamau reorganization o ka mokulele. I ka makahiki 1924, i ka hana i 'a kauwa' Red Air'auwaʻa i Kapa hou i ka Air Max Red Army. Aia He He hou air max'ōnaehana.

Ma ka hoʻokaʻawale 'Oihana i ana aʻei Bombers, ma lalo i hana i ka loa holomua i ia manawa, a legkobombardirovochnye kaumaha Bomber Squadron. Ma ka 1930s me ka nui loa māhuahua i ka helu o ka poʻe kaua, a kaʻana like manao, ma ka mea ku ole, ua hoʻemi. Aia ua mua multipurpose mokulele (e like me P-6 kūkulu Andrei Tupolev). Mau machines hiki e like ka hoʻokō i ka malama i Bombers, torpedo Bombers a me ka lōʻihi-huahelu ukali kinai.

I ka 1932, me ka puali koa o ka Soviet Union loaa houʻano o airborne hao wale. Ma Airborne i kona iho amo, a reconnaissance lako a pan. Ekolu makahiki ma hope, hoʻowahāwahā i ke kauoha i kukuluia ma ke Kanawai War, na koa kaua hou i hoʻolauna. Ano, i ka Air Max pailota koho i luna. Nā paia o nā kanaka maoli kula, a lele kula, kela mea keia mea e waiho ana me ka ano o ka lua o ka lutanela.

I ka makahiki 1933, me ka hou kükohu papahana "I" (mai I-2 i I-5), ua hōʻikeʻia e ka Air Max o ka USSR. Ka mea, he ikaika-biplanes,? Ac? Dmitriem Grigorovichem. No ka mea umikumamalima makahiki mua o ka Soviet'auwaʻa o koa mokulele i hoʻohuiʻia i loko o 2,5. Ua hoemiia ke kaʻana like 'ana o ka laweia kaa i kekahi mau pakeneka.

Air Max Holiday

Ma ka ia i loko o ka makahiki 1933 (e like me ka olelo hooholo o ka Aha o People ka Commissars) Ua hoʻokumuʻia ka Soviet Air Max Day. E like me ka aha lealea lā i loko o Sovnarkome wae 18 o Augate,. Kauoha aku, i ka lā i hopena mākaʻikaʻi e coincide me ka pau ana o ka makahiki kau aʻo. Ma ka moolelo, o ka Holiday ua e hui me kela Competition a me hoopapa ma kaʻano hana o ka pilotage, tactical a me ke ahi aʻo, a no laila, ma luna o. D.

Day o ka Air Max o ka USSR i hoʻohana 'ia e hoʻokō i ka kanawai a me ka koa maunakea iwaena o Soviet proletarian nā paʻi hua. Nā hang ma ka mea o ka lā hoʻomanaʻo i hele ma ka 'elele o ka hana, Osoaviahima a Kanawai Air'auwaʻa kaua. Ka Center ka makahiki Holiday ua ka Central Airfield kapaʻia ma hope o Mikhail Frunze ma Moscow.

Ka hanana loa mua o Laielohelohe i ka noonoo ana o ka i wale 'Oihana a me ka noho ana o ke poʻo, akā, i ka nui malihini a hiki i ke kulanakauhale, e like me ka pono me kūhelu lunamakaainana o na Hawaii. Holiday hiki ole ke hana me ke komo 'ana o Iosifa Stalina, nā lālā o ke Komite Central o ka CPSU (b) a me ke aupuni.

hou loli

I ka 1939, ka Soviet Air Koa ola kekahi reformatting. Lākou mua brigade hui i ua UAIAaIN e ka oi laekahi divisional a me ka mau. Ma mihi, i ka Soviet koa alakaʻi makemake e hoomahuahua i ka hopena o ka maunakea. Ma hope o hou, he hou Max walaʻauʻana tactical pa alima - regiment (ka mea, oia no 5 squadron, i ka huina mea mai ka 40 a hiki i 60 mokulele).

Ma ka Ewa o ka Great Patriotic War, me ka like ana o ke kaua a me ka bomber mokulele i 51% o ka heluna'auwaʻa. Kekahi hapa o ka USSR Air Max me kinai a me ka manao pili 'o Randy. Ma ka aina ia hoʻohana 18 kula i loko o ka pā pōhaku e hoʻomākaukau hou kookoo no ka mea Soviet koa maunakea. Ao ana kāu kiʻina hana i ke kiʻekiʻe o modernized. 'Oiai, ma mua o ka hana mau ana o Soviet limahana (pailota, hoʻokele, technicians, a no laila, D. ma.) Ma hope o ka AYEIE huahelu i loko o ka capitalist aina, makahiki ma hope o ka makahiki, i nahā i ka lilo ana i emi nui.

Ka Paniolo ka hoao ana

No ka mea manawa mua ma hope o ka lōʻihi wanaao ae, ka Soviet Air Max Kekoa i ua hoao i loko o ka hakakā i nā Spanish Kanawai War, a hoomaka ae la i ka 1936. Ka Soviet Union kākoʻo launa "haʻalele" aupuni, ka poe i kaua ai me ka Nationalists. Mai ka Soviet Union hele i Sepania,ʻaʻole wale nō koa pono, akā, i hana manawaleʻa poʻe hoʻoholo moku. E aho nō e hōʻike iā lākou iho I-16, a ua hiki ke hōʻike iā lākou iho nui aku ka pono ma mua o hana i ka Luftwaffe Kekoa.

An ka hoao ana e loaa ka Soviet pailota ma Spain, hoao invaluable. He nui nā haʻawina aʻo ole wale pua, akā, ke Honolulu reconnaissance. Kona hoi mai Spain, ua nui poe akamai i hoʻomaka koke i ka hana, a hiki i ka hoʻomaka o ka Great Patriotic War, he nui wale o lakou i lilo colonels a me ke 'ano laulā. Ma ka manawa coincided ka huakaʻi i ke kai eʻe a me ka unleashing o ka nui Stalinist hoʻokaʻawale, mai ka i loko o ke kaua. Repression hoopa iho la ia a me ka mokulele. NKVD ho'āpono pakele o ka hailona ana o kanaka, ka poe i kaua me ka oi "keʻokeʻo".

Great Patriotic War

ʻO kāna hana e lawelawe ana o na 1930s hōʻike i ka Soviet Air Max i ole ala e emi iki mahope o ke Europa. Naʻe, weheia ka hookokoke ana aku o ke ao nei kaua a me kekahi 'ano kūkaʻi mea kaua lāhui i loko o ka Old World. Ua pono-hookupaaia ma Spain, au-153 a me au-15 i ka manawa o ka Kelemānia hoouka ma ka Soviet Union i ua obsolete lilo. Ka hoʻomaka o ka Great Patriotic Kaua i mau i ka hewa no ka Soviet Air Max. ʻenemi koa kaua akula i ka'āina'ēʻia, ma muli o ia keia ulia ua lilo he nui lanakila. Soviet Airfield ma ke komohana palena i na hoopai ana i kŘpuna bombardment. Ma ka hola mua o ke kaua i luku ai i ka nui helu o hou mokulele, a ua i kauoha aku, e haʻalele lākou hangars (e like me ka mau koho, o ka huahelu ma kahi o ua 2 tausani).

Evacuated Soviet ka hana i, e hoʻoponopono i kekahi mau pilikia i kekahi manawa. Mua, ka Soviet Air Max nele i ka hoopoina koke ana o hana i na poho, me ka a ka mea, ua hiki ole ke haawi aku i ka like kaua. ʻO ka lua, ma ke kaua o ka poʻe akamai hoomau ia e piha loli i ka hou machines, pela ke paneʻana i ka oaoieei-hana nui loa ia o kaʻenemi.

Ka hapa nui o ka poe weliweli eha makahiki Il-2 a me Yak-1 Ua hookuu ia. Mau ana hoʻohālike mau pu hoike no e pili ana i ka hapalua o ka wahi lulu mokulele'auwaʻa. "Yak" ka pomaikai i aie i ka mea i ka mokulele hoao iho la ia i ka pono anuu no he nui ka hoʻololi 'ana a me nā hana hou. Ka palapala kükohu, wahahee i ka 1940, modifies ka helu o ka manawa. Soviet poʻe akamai i hana aku ai ko lakou mau pono, e "Yaqui" i ole lag hope i loko o kā lākou kūpono 'ana mai o ka Kelemānia "Messerschmitt" (no laila, ma laila Yak-3 a me Yak-9).

Ma ka waena o ke kaua i loko o ka lewa, au i ka parity, a me ka hope o ka Soviet Union mokulele, a hoomaka ae la e kela aku i nā mea a pau o ka enemi machines. Hana a me na mea e ae e kaulana bomber, me Li-2 a me Pe-2. Red Star (pena ma ka fuselage o ka USSR hoailona / Air Max) ua no ka Kelemānia pailota i kekahi hōʻailona o ka pilikia, a kokoke kaumaha hakaka.

Ke kaua e kū'ē i ka Luftwaffe

I ka wā o ka Great Patriotic War i loli ole wale i ka paka, akā, i kaʻaha hui 'ole o ka Air Max. Ma ke kupulau o 1942, aia ua he lōʻihi-huahelu maunakea. Kēia hui, e hoolohe aku i ka Aha, e kauoha aku, Radio nui he kūlana i koe makahiki i ke kaua. Me ia, hoomaka ae la e lilo ea poe koa. O loko o ke kahua o ka holoʻokoʻa alo mokulele.

A nui ka nui o nā kumuwaiwai ua hoʻopuka kālā i loko o ka ulu ana o ka aeuiiai ieaia? Aiiio. i ua koke ho'āla hou aʻelaʻo New pōʻeleʻele loa, a hoi aku la i ke kaua poino mokulele. Soviet kahua? Aiiio aʻeo ka hoʻolele 'ua lilo kekahi o ka loa mana i waena o nā mea a pau o ka like nenoai a i kaua kipi i ka wā o ka Apana World War.

Key ea kaua no ka Soviet Union, hoomaka ae la i ka lewa hookui hookahe koko ana iloko o ke kaua o Moscow, Stalingrad a me Kursk. Hōʻike oeeo?: I ka 1941 o ma kahi o 400 mokulele komo i loko o ke kaua, i ka 1943 keia aka, ua nunui i mau tausani, ma ka hopena o ke kaua e pili ana ma kahi o 7.500 kaa ma ka Pelelina lani. 'auwaʻa ulu ma ka loa e māhuahua kōmi. I ka wā o ka hana kaua o ka USSR kaua i hua mai la ma kahi o 17 000 mokulele, a me ka auhee kula i hoomakaukauia ka 44.000 pailota (make 27 000). Legends o ka Great Patriotic War hoomaka Ivan Kozhedub (lanakila 62 lanakila) a me Alexander Pokryshkin (i kona ai 59 Huipû).

hou ho'āʻo

I ka MH 1946, koke ma hope o ke kaua me ka Apana Reich, ka Air Max o ka Red Army i Kapa hou i ka Soviet Air Koa. Mall a me kaʻaha hui loli i loli ole wale o ka mokulele, akā, i ka mea holoʻokoʻa pale kaiaulu. ʻOiai ka Apana World War pau, i ka honua hoʻomau i ka noho ma lalo o stress. Ua hoʻomaka 'ana i ka hou confrontation - keia manawa ma waena o ka Soviet Union, a me kaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia.

I ka makahiki 1953 ka mea, ua hanaia ke Kuhina o Pale Kaua o ka USSR. V.'āina hoomau mai e widen. Aia he hou ke ano o ka oihana koa lako a pan a me ka mokulele hoʻololi. Ma waena o ka USSR, a me kaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia, hoomaka ae la na lima heihei. All hou kūpono 'ana o ke Air Max i subordinated i ka hookahi kūpili - e hopu mai, a loaa Amerika. Design Buro Sukhoi (SU), Mikoyan a me Gurevich (MiG) hele mai i loko o kona loa hoʻomāhuahua ai wā o ka ha awina.

Ke Hekikai o ka mokulele hēkī mokulele

Ka mua kia-kaua ana nou-ana HOU i hoao i ka MH 1946 ma ka mokulele hēkī mokulele. Ua auou caiaiai ka mea kahiko OOAOAaXUEIE kuʻe enehana. First Soviet jets kila MIG-9 a me Yak-15. Ka mea, e hoʻokele i ka lanakila i ka mämä holo hoailona o 900 kilomika no hora,ʻo ia hoʻi, kā lākou hana i Ua kekahi, a me ka hapa kona kiʻekiʻe ma mua o Ke Ana Hoʻohālike o ka mua-hanauna.

No kekahi mau makahiki i ka generalized hana o ka Soviet air max manawa o ke Kaua II. koʻikoʻi o kēia wā a me nāʻeha omaka o ka wahi lulu mokulele i ua hōʻike '. Ua hoʻomaka ke kaʻina hana o hoʻonupaikini lako a pan no ka hana hou ana i kona oluolu, ergonomics a me ka maluhia. Kekahi loli (holo lākeke o ke kahu moku, me ka loa nīnūnē mea hana ma ka hooponopono ana panel) ua ke kiʻekiʻe o ka lalau shape i keia la. No ka maikaʻi pololei o ae hoʻolele ma luna o ka mokulele hoʻomaka e onoaiiaea holomua Radar nenoai.

Airspace mālama 'ia hoʻi i lilo i ke kuleana o ka mea hou Pale Kaua Koa. Ka muli o ka pale alakaʻi ana i ka mahele ana i ka aina o ka Soviet Union i ka helu o nāʻoihana, ke kaumaha ma muli o ka koke i ka moku'āina palena. No keia ano mau e classify maunakea (mamao a me ka mua). Ma ka la 1946 airborne poʻe hao wale ma mua, he mau hapa o ka Air Max, i ua kaʻawale ma kaʻawale o kaʻahahui.

wikiwiki ma mua o ke kani

Ma ka huli ana o 1940-1950-ies o ka holomua Soviet mokulele hēkī mokulele hoomaka kūpono 'ana o ka loa loihi wahi o ka aina: no ka Hōʻole akula Akau a me Chukotka. Ua i nā de no mamao aie i kekahi kumu loa. Koa alakai hoomakaukau i ka Soviet koa-hanalima luna 'no ka hiki kue i kaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia, aia ma ka kekahiʻaoʻao o ko ka honua. Me na wahi mea i kūkulu Li-95 - lōʻihi-mamao KUMUMANAʻO NUI bomber mokulele. Kekahi popoiwi wahi i loko o ka ulu ana o ka Soviet Air Max i ke komoʻana ma kā lākou mau mea kaua o nukelea mea kaua. About ka hoike o ka 'ike loea hou i keia la ua momona a ua hookolokoloia mai nei ma ka waiū maunakea Hale Hōʻikeʻike o Kamehameha, aia i loko o ka me i loko o ka "kapikala o ka Lūkini airborne" Zhukovsky. O na mea e like me ka lole o ka USSR Air Max a me nā lako a pan o Soviet pailota h ÷ ike i ka evolution o ka pale hana.

Kekahi milestone i loko o ka mōʻaukala o Soviet koa maunakea i koe ma hope, i ka wa i ka makahiki 1950, ka MiG-17 A i hiki ke oi aku i ka mämä holo o ke kani. Record haawi aku la i ke kaulana hoao ana ke kahu moku, Ivan Ivashchenko. Ua Ua koke disbanded OOAOAaXUEIE hoouka mokulele. Ia manawa, me ka hou "lewa-i-honua" Kao lele lako kaua a me Air Max ua "ea-i-ea."

I ka pau ana o na 1960s ka mea, ua hoʻololi i kolu-hanauna ÷ (no ka mea hoike, i ka MiG-25 kinai jets). Mau machines Ua Ua hiki e pakolu i ka mämä holo o ke kani lele i ka mämä holo. Ke pūkaʻina? Iecaianoaaiiuo Ua ee "migovskie" hooponopono hou i loko o ka palapala o ke kiʻekiʻe-kiʻekiʻena reconnaissance a me kinai-interceptors. Mau mokulele Ua me ka nui loa hou takeoff a me ka pae 'ano. Eia hou, heʻokoʻa i loko o ka nunui-ano hana hou 'ikamu.

I ka 1974, i ka mua Soviet VTOL (YAK-38) i papahana. Hoʻololi i nā mea hana a me ka ke kahu moku lako a pan. Holo lākeke lilo oi oluolu a me ke kōkua i ka manao oluolu, a hiki i ka lōʻihi overload maʻoi loa-kiʻekiʻe ka māmā holo.

ha o ka hanauna

Ka hope Soviet mokulele hoʻonohoʻia ma luna o ka mokuna o ka Warsaw Kuikahi Organization. Maunakea no ka lōʻihi manawa i D. i komo i loko o kekahi kaua, akā, ua hōʻike ai kona hiki ana i ka pālākiō kino e like me ka "Dnepr", "Berezina", "Dvina" a no laila, ma luna o.

Ma ka 1980s ua Soviet hā-hanauna mokulele. Mau ana hoʻohālike (SU-27, Mig-29, Mig-31, Li-160), ua hookoaia ma ke kauoha o ke hoonui ae i maneuverability. mea nō kekahi o lākou i loko o hana me ka Russian Air Max.

Ke Loaʻaʻia i ka manawa o ka hope loa 'ana i kūpono hōʻike i loko o ke kaua Afghan, ahi i loko o nā makahiki 1979-1989. Soviet Bombers ua i ka hana i loko o ana o ke kanana 'mahuka a me ka ikaika Anati-mokulele ke ahi mai o ka honua. Iloko o ka Afghan kai eʻe i ua i pili ana i ka miliona sorties (i nalowale aku keia ma kahi o 300 helicopters a me 100 mokulele). I ka makahiki 1986, hoomaka ae la oia e kūkulu i ka lima-hanauna koa mokulele pāhana. Ka mea nui wale na makana i kēia mau mea e hanaʻi i Sukhoi Design Buro. Eia naʻe, ma muli o ia ka deteriorating hoʻokele waiwai a me ka pili aupuni kulana i kaulia ana, a me nā papahana i ua paʻahau.

Ka hope chord

Perestroika Ua kaha maha ma kekahi mau nui keʻano o ka hanaʻana. Mua, i ka pili aloha ma waena o ka USSR, a me kaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia hope noho. Na Hawaii War mea ma luna, a me ka manawa ua i ka Kremlin he kaʻakālai enemi, ma ka heihei i ka i ka mea i pono, e mau hoʻonui kona mau koa-hanalima eiiieaena. Ka lua, ka luna o na superpowers mau kakauinoaia kekahi mau hiʻona'āina palapala, e like me a, hoʻomaka ami disarmament.

Ma ka hopena o 1980s, i kakahiaka nui withdrawal o Soviet poʻe hao wale, mai Afghanistan,ʻaʻole wale nō, akā, no hoi, mai ka aina mai o ka Socialist hoʻomoana ai mamua. Loaʻa kekahi i loko o ka unahiʻole, i ka withdrawal o ka Soviet Army mai ka GDR, ma kona ikaika holomua hui. Haneri o Kekoa i hele i ka hale. Ka hapa nui o ke koena o ka RSFSR, kekahi i kaʻi aku i Belarus a Ukraine.

I ka makahiki 1991, ua lilo i mea akaka i ka Soviet Union hiki ole hou nei i loko o kona monolithic ano. Mahele o ka aina i loko o kēia ōlaʻi o kuokoa Hawaii alakai aku ai i ka pauku mua o ka luna o ka poe koa. Kēia hopena ua ole i hala a me ka mokulele. Rusia i loaa kahi o 2/3 o ka limahana a me ka 40% o ka ipu o ka Soviet Air Max. Ke koena o ka'āina hoʻoili loaa kekahi 11 Union republics (i i lawe i ka Baltic Huipuia kuleana i loko o ka pauku).