Waiwai wai: ka pakuhi palekana hea ka nui?

I kēia lā, e like me ka manawa ma mua'ole, ua lilo ka ho'opuka'ana i ka palekana ka pilikino a me ka waiwai. E like me ka heroine o kahi ki'i pilakani kaulana kaulana, "e palekana kekahi mai kahi kanaka". Pono nō ho'i ka Nature e palekana mai nā hopena o nā hana a kānaka. A kūikawā wahi i loko o ka helu o ke kumu waiwai o ka wai.

Wai kino ma lalo o kūikawā hoomalu

'O ka wai ke kumu o ke ola kanaka, hānai i ka honua, nā mea kanu, nā hua a me nā'ano'ano; Inā'a'ole'o ia,'a'ohe mea ola ma ka Honua. 'O ia ke kumu i lawe'ia ai nā kumuwaiwai a me nā mea waiwai ma lalo o ka palekana'āina, a ua ho'okumu'ia nā kānāwai kūikawā kūikawā no lākou.

'O nā kumu a me nā mea nui o ka wai,'o ka wai ka mea e malu ai. Maluhia ciia ua hoakaka ia me kekahi o nā hoʻohiki a maʻemaʻe 'ilikai i ka a me ka groundwater. 'O ke kumu o ka palekana'āina ma kēia āpau,'a'ole ia e pale wale i ka pollu wale o nā kumu wai, akā, no ka mālama'ana i ka maemae, kahi hana'enehana maoli o ka wai, a no ka mālama'ana i ka palekana o ka wai a me nā wai mahi'ai.

'O ke kānāwai kūikawā

Mālama ke kānāwai i ka mālama'ana i nā waiwaiwai ma nā'enehana a pau, e ho'omaka ana me ka Code Water, ke kānāwai kūkā no ka wai inu, a me ka ho'opau'ana i nā rula i lalo: nā rula no ka ho'ohana'ana i ka wai a me nā wai holoi i nā wahi i ho'olaha'ia, nā State Urban Development Standards o 1992 a me nā hana'oihana'ē a'e.

Special kanawai ma keia wahi e ka hui hoʻomaʻemaʻe kūmau a me na rula "cii o ka hui hoʻomaʻemaʻe 'ohana ka palekana o ka wai kumu a me ka potable wai pipelines. SanPin 2.1.4.1110-02", i aponoia e ka Luna State hui hoʻomaʻemaʻe Kauka o ka Russian Hui o Pepeluali 26, 2002

'O ka palekana'ana i nā kino wai he pili pili'ole ia me ka pili'āina, no ka mea,'a'ole hiki ke ho'oka'awale'ia nā kumuwai wai mai ka lepo a me nā lepo o nā hanana hohonu. 'O ke kahawai wai, ka mea e mālama ai i ka palena o ka'āina, lilo ia i mea ko'iko'i o kēia'ano:'o kēia pili me ka'āina ke kumu no ka hō'ailona'ana i nā hana hewa i kēia wahi a me ke koho'ia'ana o kekahi kuleana.

Ho'omaopopo pū ke kānāwai'oia'i'o i ka kuleana o ke kupa i kahi noho maluhia, ka mea e hō'oia e ka moku'āina.

He aha nā palena o ka wai a me nā'auwa'a wai?

Pono e ho'onohonoho'ia kēlā me kēia mehana. I ka hana'ana i nā ki'i o kekahi mea - pipeline, nā mea kanu, nā hale, nā hale a me nā hale'ē a'e - ua ho'olako'ia kahi ke'ena kia'i o ka pūnaewele wai. 'Ehia mau mika e hana ai ma muli o ka maika'i o nā'āina. 'O ka palena palekana kahi i ho'onohonoho pono'ia mai kahi kino o ke kino a kokoke i ka hale kokoke loa a ua hana'ia e mālama pono i ka palekana a me ka pale'ana o ka pipili.

Ho'opili'ia nā papa hana palekana me ka lawelawe'ana i ka ma'i epidemiological a komo pū me:

• Ka ho'oka'awale'ana o nā kāleka o ka wahi ho'oma'ema'e;
• Ka papa inoa o nā mea'enehana no ka ho'omaika'i'ana i ka'āina;
• 'O ka wehewehe'ana o ke kūlana kūikawā ma kēlā me kēia hui.

Ua pāpā'ia nā wahi i pale'ia mai ka mālama'ana i nā mea, ka ho'oku'u'ana i nā meahana, kūkulu i kekahi mau hale, me nā lā lō'ihi:'a'ole hiki i kēlā me kēia hana ke ho'ohaumia wale i nā kino wai, akā e hana hou i kekahi kaumaha ma nā pipeline. 'O nā hale i kū'ole'ia ka mea e pale aku i ke komo āpau o nā hui hana, i koi'ia e hō'ole i nā pō'ino ma ka pūnaewele a ho'oponopono hou i ka wai.

'O ka palena palekana e pili ana i ka palena o nā hana ho'olālā waiwai, e like me ke kūkulu'ana: ho'okomo'ia ka ho'okomo'ana o nā mea me ka uhaki'ia o nā papa hana ākea.

Ua ho'okumu'ia ka māhele kia'i o ka pipili wai SNIP - nā kūlana palekana a me nā rula.

Nā kūle'a o ka pale pale

Ho'oka'awale'ia ka māhele palekana o ka mea i loko o kekahi mau mea:

1. 'O ka lālani mua o ke aupuni ko'iko'i - he pō'ai, e like me ka lawe'ana i ka wai a me kahi pūnaewele wai. Oe hiki ole dump i ka wao wai, 'auʻau,ʻai, ka lawaiʻa, Marina iai? Oaiaaou, wahi hale, e pili kekahi mea hoʻomomona, e kau pipelines, koʻu nā minelala hao.
2. 'O ka'ao'ao'elua a'ekolu o nā palena a me nā'ike'ana,'o ia ka'āina i mālama'ia no ka pale o nā wai a me nā punawai wai. Ma ke ka'ina'elua,'a'ole i'ae'ia nā hale kū'ai o nā mea'enehana, nā mea ho'ouluulu a me nā mea'ino'ē a'e e weliweli i ka wai'ino i ka wai; He hiki'ole ke mahi i ka'āina, kahe nā'auwai, a ho'ohaumia i nā mea i ho'onele'ia.
3. I ka'ekolu o ka'āpana, ua pāpā'ia ka mālama'ana i nā palapalapala pa'a, e ho'omohala i ke kinikini, e ho'one'e i nā wai ho'one'e'ole e mālama'ole i nā kūlana ho'oma'ema'e a me nā rula.

He aha ka laulā o kahi wahi kia'i o ka'auwai?

Inā holo ka paipu wai i nā wahi i kālai'ole'ia,'o ka whānui o ka pā palekana e pili ana i ka maika'i o nā ala a me ke anawaena o ka paepae ma'amau:

• I nā'āina malo'o - 10 m i ke anawaena o ka 1000 mm a me 20 m no nā kolalu nui nui;
• I loko o nā lepo lepo -'a'ole i lalo o 50 m.

Hiki i ka wai, kahi o ka palena palekana i nā'eneke kūkulu, hiki ke halihali i kahi halihali āpau a me ka hana. Hiki ke ho'emi'ia ka palena ho'omalu o ka paipu wai ma nā wahi e ulu ai ma ka'aelike'ana me nā luna ho'omalu o SES.

Ho'onohonoho ka 'ahahui i nā koi i kau palena' ia, i hiki'ole ke ho'emi 'ia ma lalo o kekahi' ano:

• Mai ka ho'okumu'ia'ana o nā hale a me nā hale -'a'ole emi ma lalo o 5 m;
• Mai nā kumu o nā pā, nā mea lanakila, nā kāko'o -'a'ole emi ma lalo o 3 m;
• mai curbs alanui - ole e emi malalo o 2 m +;
• mai ka lewa nā mea pilihao ka mana laina - mai ka 1 a hiki i 3 m, ke kaumaha ma muli mea ulana pukapuka, nona iho.

No laila,'oko'a nā launa ho'omalu o ka lako wai a me nā pūnaewele hō'awe i ka laulā, e pili ana i nā kumu o waho.

'O ka kuleana no ka hō'ino'ana i nā palena palekana

No ka ho'onohonoho'ana i nā hale, nā mea waiwai, nā mea hana i loko o nā āpana mālama wai, aia nā'ōlelo like'ole:

• Ka waiwai - ma ke'ano o ka uku no ka hopena i hana'ia e ka hana i hana'ole'ia, ka mālama'ana i nā mea pono, nā mea, nā ho'opi'i ma kahi kokoke i 5 m i ke kikowaina wai;
• 'O ke ka'ina hana - ma ke'ano he uku no ka uhaki'ana i nā code a me nā kānāwai i kūkulu'ia, e like me ke kūkulu'ana i nā ke'ena me ka'ole o kahi papahana i'āpono'ia ai'ole me ka hō'ino'ana i nā palena pale;
• Ka hewa - ma ke'ano o ka ho'opa'a i ka hale pa'ahao no ka hopu'ia'ana o kekahi wahi'āina i loko o nā wahi o ka pale pale.

Nā lā palekana - he mea e palekana ai ka wai mai ka haumia. He mea koi ko lākou mālama'ana i nā mea a pau e komo ana i ka pilina o ke aupuni a me ka pili waiwai pili kālā,'a'ole wale i ka lehulehu wale nō, akā no kahi pono'ī.