Acetylcholine - he neurotransmitter nā aʻalolo excitation. Acetylcholine: helehelena, me nā huahana, ka waiwai

передатчик нервного возбуждения в ЦНС, окончаниях парасимпатических нервов и вегетативных ганглиях. Acetylcholine - He nā aʻalolo lēkio leo i loko o ka CNS excitation, ka parasympathetic nā aʻalolo a hāʻule pahū a me autonomic ganglia. Ua hanaʻia nui hana i loko o ke ola keʻano o ka hanaʻana. Similar oihana i'amino nāʻakika, histamine, dopamine, serotonin, adrenaline. Acetylcholine o kekahi o ka nui loa pāpaʻa transmitters ma o ka lolo. E mākou noʻonoʻo i kēia mea i loko o hou au mamuli.

Overview

I ka pau ana o ka puluniu, mai a ka neurotransmitter acetylcholine? Aaeaao, kapa cholinergic. Eia hou kekahi, he mea kūikawā nā kumumea me i ia hana. Ka mea, i kapaʻia cholinergic receptors. Mau kumu i luna 'kumuʻiʻo nā lātoma - nucleoproteins. отличаются тетрамерной структурой. Acetylcholine receptors OAOOUIEeE tetrameric 'ole. Ka mea, i aia ma luna o ka pā ili o ka wai koko (postsynaptic)ʻili lahilahi. Ma ko lakou ano, mau nā lātoma i heterogeneous.

Ma mana haʻawina, a ua hoʻohana 'ia no ka' inikua hana lāʻau ' "Acetylcholine koloriside" imua ma ka pāʻoihana no ka pahu kui. Other medicaments ka nānā 'ana ma luna o kēia waiwai mea,ʻaʻole i loaʻa. Aia mau synonyms o ka lāʻau: "Miohol", "Atsekolin", "Tsitoholin".

Mea Maluna o ka kumuʻiʻo choline

Kekahi mau nā lātoma i aia i loko o ka postganglionic cholinergic nā aʻalolo. Kēia mea he wahi o laumania nāʻiʻo, i ka naau, i ka glands. Ka mea, i kapaʻia ka m-cholinergic receptors - muskarinochuvstvitelnye. Other nā polokina i aia i loko o ka ganglion synapses a me neuromuscular somatic hale. Ka mea, e haawiia i like N-cholinergic receptors - nikotinochuvstvitelnymi.

ho'ākāka

Ka luna Mea Maluna Ua pono specificity reactions i hana ia mau launa pū 'biochemical nenoai a me acetylcholine. , в свою очередь, объясняет причины некоторых процессов. Kēia, ma ka huli, wehewehe kumu kekahi mau keʻano o ka hanaʻana. No ka laʻana, puʻe ka ho'ēmiʻana, Hoʻonui i ke secretion o gastric, a me nā salivary glands, bradycardia, etc. a me ka pupillary constriction. Muskarinochuvstvitelnye ma lalo ole ma luna o nā polokina, a contraction o skeletal Muscle, a pela aku. Nikotinochuvstvitelnye ma luna o waiū i ka lātoma. Ma ka nā makahiki,ʻepekema ua hoʻomaka e hoʻokaʻawale ka m-cholinergic receptors i loko o ka subgroup. Ka loa aʻo i keia la i ke kūlana a me ka IIeEeAIEUAA o M1 a me m2 nā lātoma.

Ke specificity o ke kanawai o

не избирательный элемент системы. Acetylcholine - keia mea,ʻaʻole he hehee ai o ka'ōnaehana hoʻokoho nenoaiu. Ma ka loli iki ana degere, ka mea e loli ai o ka m- a N-nā lātoma. Muskarinopodobnoe hoihoi o ke keiki i ka lawe acetylcholine. воздействие проявляется в замедлении сердечного ритма, расширении кровеносных сосудов (периферических), активизации перистальтики кишечника и желудка, сокращении мышц матки, бронхов, мочевого, желчного пузыря, интенсификации секреции бронхиальных, потовых, пищеварительных желез, миозе. Ua hookoia hoike mai ai ia ia iho i loko o ka meheu o ka naau uku, dilation o na moku koko (ʻike ākea), ho'ā hope o intestinal motility a me ka opu, Muscle contraction o ka uterus, bronchus, bladder, ka laau awaawa, bladder, ka intensification o bronchial secretions, hou, digestive glands, myositis.

constriction o ka haumāna

Hoʻopoepoe iris Muscle innervated e postganglionic olona, ma ka oculomotor nā aʻalolo, hoʻomaka ka poʻe me ka ikaika hoemiia ciliate. Ma keia hihia, aia no he nanea wale Zinn ligaments. I ka hopena o ka spasm o ka noho. Constriction o ka haumāna, kona manawa i ka aoao o ka acetylcholine, IeAUPIIe, IAa IO pu ma ka emi i loko o intraocular puʻe. Keia kanawai ua kauoha ae la ma ke anoe o ka hapa iwi i loko o Schlemm ka Canal, a ma luna o ke kāʻei kua hakahaka fontanovyh miosis a flattening na iris. Kēia hoonui ae i ka outflow o ka loli, mai ke Keena Kalaiaina o ka maka fluids.

на основе других подобных ему веществ используются при лечении глаукомы. Me ka hiki, e ho'ēmi i intraocular puʻe like acetylcholine, mea haʻilula keimikala ka nānā 'ana ma nā' ano like 'ona i hoʻohana ma o ka iapaau ana o ka glaucoma. Mau nā, ma ka nui, nā anticholinesterase konohiki, cholinomimetics.

Nikotinochuvstvitelnye nā polokina

обуславливается его участием в процессе передачи сигналов с преганглионарных нервных волокон на постганглионарные, находящиеся в вегетативных узлах, и с двигательных окончаний на поперечнополосатые мышцы. Nikotinopodobnoe hana o ka acetylcholine, kena ae la ia e kona komo i loko o ke kaʻina hana o ka neaiaea transduction mai ka preganglionic nā aʻalolo olona, postganglionarnae mea i loko o ka vegetative aka wahi a me Hawaii a hāʻule pahū wale ma luna o ka striated Muscle. Ma haʻahaʻa nā māhele o ka waiwai a hana like me ka lēkio leo o physiological arousal. , то может развиться стойкая деполяризация в районе синапсов. Inā acetylcholine ua mahuahua, ka mea e hoʻomōhala paakiki depolarization o synapses i loko o ka wahi. Nō hoʻi ka mea, i ka manawa kūpono o ka paleʻana i ka hoolilo ana o excitation.

CNS

играет роль передатчика сигналов в различных мозговых отделах. Acetylcholine i loko o ke kino, hana like me ka hōʻailona lēkio leo i loko o nā wahi likeʻole o ka lolo. At haʻahaʻa nā hoʻohui like ia hiki alleviate, a me ka nui - lohi hōʻike synaptic impulses. Loli ma ka pūnao e hoʻonui i ka lolo kāna hana. психотропной группы. Hakaka, a me ka Akä naÿe no nä acetylcholine - psychotropic ai 'pae. A hiki aku ka mea, overdose e hana ana i ka 'aʻe' ana o ko mākou hopohopo kiekie oihana (hallucinogenic 'ole etc.).

ka hoʻololi kemikala o acetylcholine

Ua lŘlŘ i loko o ka cytoplasm o nā aʻalolo a hāʻule pahū wale. Laau waiwai ke aupuni 'ma presynaptic maʻi i loko o ka palapala o Oe. I ka hanana i hanaʻia o ka hiki aku ai i ke kala o ka acetylcholine mai kekahi mau haneri "capsules" i loko o ka mauae synaptic. Waiwai hookuu mai vesicles nakinaki ia a hiki i ka postsynapticʻili lahilahi me kekahi nā lātoma. Kēia maoli kona permeability i ka paʻakai, kalipuna a me ka potasiuma Ion. Ke hualoaʻa Ua excitatory postsynaptic Loaʻaʻia. Ke kanawai o ka acetylcholine ua kaupalena 'ia e kona hydrolysis ke komo pū atsetilholiesterazy'ūhū.

Physiology nicotinic nā lātoma

First hōʻike iā intracellular hookuuia ka pila Loaʻaʻia. Nicotinic mea loaʻa lilo kekahi o ka mea mua, a ua hiki i ka palapala i ke au paialewa e kahe ana ma ka hookahi Kanal. I ka hamama moku'āina hiki ke hele therethrough Ion K + a me Na +, a hiki i ka uuku loa divalent cations. Ma keia hihia i ka Kanal conductivity ua hoike ia ma ka ikaika nui. Ka lōʻihi like 'ole o ka hamama ana, naʻe, hana' ano kalele iho ma luna o ka Loaʻaʻia anakahi uila noi i ka mea loaʻa. A, i ka hope o ua stabilized i ka hoʻololi mai depolarization o kaʻili lahilahi hyperpolarization. Eia hou kekahi, he mea ka kŰia desensetizatsii. Ua lŘlŘ ma hope o hooloihi ae i palapala noi o acetylcholine a me na hakaka e ho'ēmi i mea loaʻa pā lonoaʻili a me ka ulu i ka lōʻihi like 'ole o ka hamama Kanal moku'āina.

uila stimulation

Dihydro-β-eritroidin ālai 'nicotinic receptors ma o ka lolo a me nā aʻalolo ganglia ma luna o? Acaeoey o cholinergic pane. Ka mea, i kekahi wehewehe aku e kiʻekiʻeʻo Solomonaʻo Solomona me ka tritium-i hiki ke kino i ka nicotine. Ikepili koʻikoʻi αBGT neural receptors ma ka hippocampus i ka haʻahaʻa susceptibility o acetylcholine, e like αBGT-insensitive hehee wale. Me hoʻopōʻaiapuni a e wae hoʻok & hoa o ka mua a pau metillikakonitin.

Kekahi nā mea loaʻa anabeziina hoʻonāukiuki i kekahi e wae ho'ā hope ia ma ka hui αBGT-receptors. Ke conductivity o ka ion Kanal mea i lawa ke kiekie. Mau receptors OAOOUIEeE kū hoʻokahi anakahi uila-e kaukaʻi ano. Obschekletochny kala pono i ka kōkua o ke depolarization loina e ka. Loaʻaʻia e hoike ana i ka ho'ēmiʻana o ka Ion hele ma waena o nā kaha.

O kŰia ua pela i hooponopono ia ma ke Mg2 + maʻiʻo o ka pāʻoihana hehee wale. Keia, keia pae ÿokoÿa mai ka Muscle aeea receptors. Ka hope mai i undergo i kekahi loli ma ka ion pono e hoʻomaʻa i nā aiee o kaʻili lahilahi Loaʻaʻia. Pela ka N-meto-D-aspartate mea loaʻa, me he hoahanau permeability o Ca2 + no hehee wale, hōʻike ka mea nana e hoole kulana. Me ka hoʻoulu 'auhau hyperpolarizing, e hoomahuahua i ka maʻiʻo o nā loina a me Mg2 + Ion, ke ionʻikena ua wahi.

Features muscarinic nā lātoma

M-cholinergic receptors no a hiki i ka papa serpentivnyh. Ka mea, hoʻolele impulses ma ka heterotrimeric G-nā polokina. Group muscarinic mea loaʻa i ua hōʻike 'ma muli o kā lākou i ka waiwai, e kuhikuhi i ka alkaloid muscarine. Kahiko o ka'āina, i kēia mau nā lātoma i ua hōʻike ma ka kakahiaka nui 20th kenekulia i loko o ka hoʻopaʻa 'ana i ka waiwai o ka curare. Direct ninaninau o keia pae hoomaka ma 20-30 makahiki. ka ia kenekulia ma hope o nä ka hui e like me ka neurotransmitter acetylcholine, i pau ai ka lāʻau ikiʻai i loko o neuromuscular synapses. M nā polokina e ho'ā 'ia paha ma lalo o ka aoao o ka muscarine, a wahi e na atropine, n-ho'ā' ia paha nā lātoma ma lalo o ka aoao o ka nicotine i, a wahi e na curare.

Ma hope o ka nui helu o subtypes i ua 'akomi i loko o nā pūʻulu o receptors. Ke neuromuscular synapse he wale nicotine i lātoma. i loaʻa Muscarinic receptors ma keena o glands a me nāʻiʻo, e like me - me ka N-holinoretseptorami - i loko o nā neurons o CNS a me neural ganglia.

oihana

Muscarinic receptors loaa he okoa kau o ka waiwai. Mua o nā mea a pau, ka mea, e aia i loko o ka hana nona iho ganglia, a haalele mai ia postganglioznyh olona, ke hoʻololi i ka pale umauma hoʻokahi nā loko. Ua kuhikuhi mai la lakou i na receptors komo i loko o ka hōʻike a me ka parasympathetic modulation 'ole. Mau nā, no ka laʻana, loaʻa i ka contraction o laumania nāʻiʻo, vasodilatation, mahuahua secretion o glands, hoemi i ka naau kōmi. CNS Cholinergic olona, a pau i loaʻa i loko o ka haku mele 'ana o interneurons a me muscarinic synapses i kiaʻano nui i loko o ka cerebral cortex, hippocampus, kumu nuclei, striatum. Ma nā wahi e loaʻa ka mea, i loko o liʻiliʻi loa. Ke kikowaena ka m-cholinergic receptors loli i ka rula o ka hiamoe, hoomanao, hoʻonaʻauao a me ka hoolohe.