'āina uala. I ka moolelo o kaʻuala i loko o Rusia

Ma hope o ka berena a me ka cereal meakanu kēia nō ka loa, he pono ole, loa paha, e lawe i ka lua o ka wahi. Africa a me Amerika, Europe a me Asia - nānā 'ole o ka'āinapuniʻole, ka mea, regale kanaka a puni ka honua. Mākou mau ai maʻa i ka mea i ka mea, i hou noonoo ia ia i kekahi mea hou, a oiaio ole classify iā ia i waena o ka noho lealea ana. Mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka lōʻihi manawa ike ia mākou uala. E mākou hoomanao i kekahi manawa, i ka wa ia i ua ole i laila, he ākea, aʻo e pili ana i kekahi o nā pōʻino nui pili i kona poho, a loaʻa mai ke kumu ka mea, ua nō i kuaiia ma Rusia. Akā, e ka hoʻomaka mai o ka wahi, kahi e ua palahalaha ae a puni ka honua. He aha i ka aina hanau o kaʻuala? Ka mea, o Europe paha wahi?

'āina uala

Ua Ua lōʻihi, ua manaoio aku i kaʻuala hele mai ia mākou, mai South America. ʻuala Motherland - Chile, Peru a me Bolivia. ʻO kēia lā, i loko o ko makou manawa, ma ka Andes hiki ke ike, nā ma ka hihiu ulu uala. Aia, ma ka kiʻekiʻena o ka oi ma mua o ka kilomika o, na tubers hiki ke loaʻa ka aneane nā mea a pau a ianoiyuaa aʻikeʻano likeʻole. E like me na nā mea mahuʻi o nā kānakaʻepekema, i loko o ka wa kahiko i ka Indians ma ia wahi hiki ole, a crossbreed kekahi mauʻano likeʻole o nā mea kanu, me uala. Ka loa mua 'ike e pili ana i kaʻuala i hele mai, mai ka Spaniard, he lâlâ o ka oihana koa kai eʻe Yuliana De Castellanos i ka 1535. E like me ia, i ka mealy kumu o kēia mea kanu i hele mai e hoao i ka Spaniards. Eia naʻe, mau kanaka uku hoʻolohe i kana mau olelo. No laila, e hiki iki wehewehe ana i ka moʻolelo hoomaka uala me Kinohi (kona haawi aku).

Pehea moʻomeheu i hele mai ai i Europa

Na mahope hōʻike o kaʻuala, ua loaʻa i loko o ka "Chronicle o Peru" Pedru Chieza de Ka Leon. He He He loa piha, a ho'ākāka 'maopopo keia mea kanu. ʻuala muli moʻolelo i pili i ka Moi o Sepania, nana i haawi i ka mea e lawe mai i ka nui nui o ka huakaʻi i ke kai huahana. Penei, mahalo i Sepania, ka aina hanau o kaʻuala - South America - Ua hoomakaukau i kēia nō hoʻi maʻEulopa. I muaʻo ia i loko o Italy, a ma hope ma Pelekiuma. Ma hope o ia, i ka Meia o Mons (Pelekiuma) i kekahi mau tubers e noiʻi i kona piʻo a me ka hoa ma Vienna. Wale i kona hoa, i ka botanist, ho'ākāka 'ia ma kaʻuala i loko o kona puke "Ma na mea kanu." Mahalo iā ia, kaʻuala la kona mau 'epekema ka inoa - Solyanum tuberozum eskulentum (tuber nightshade). Ma hope o ka manawa o konaʻuala hōʻike, a me ka inoa o ke kihapai moʻomeheu ua lilo nui maliuia'ku ia.

i Ireland

Ua ka manawa a hiki i Hawaii, a ma na 1590s na uala hōʻea maila nō. Aia, ka mea loaa mau iaia aie i ka mea i pono lawe kumu a hiki i kŘpa a noho lakou malaila ana. Nānā 'ole o ke kaiapuni, wai a maloo, pahee a lolilua nānā' ole o tubers i kanuʻia i loko o ka momona a momona ka lepo, uwala lawe mai i ka hua. No ke aha ka mea, ua ai, e halii mai i ka makahiki 1950 ma ka liʻiliʻi loa i ka hapakolu o nā mea a pau arable wahi i ua kanu me ka uala ke kanuʻana i. More ma mua o ka hapalua o ka wa e ohi ai i pahuna ma kanaka hokii. Penei, hoomaka ae la uala e ai no ka aina kakahiaka, awakea a me kaʻaina awakea. A pau makemake e maikai, akā, laila, ina ua loaa i ka poe ilihuneʻohi palaoaʻana? He aha makemake ai Ipelana ma keia hihia? Ka mea, i ole makemake i ka manaʻo e pili ana ia.

Ka hopena o ka ilihune wa e ohi ai

Inā ma mua ka mea i hiki mai ai i i ole lawe mai i ka uala ka manaʻo hua, a laila mākou e, e hoʻolako i nā mea kōkua i nā mōhai kekahi ho'āʻo pono. A ina e hiki mai ka makahiki hou huli mai, e ohi i ke koi 'ia ka helu o ka aa, e uhi i ka hewa o ka mea mua wā. No laila, i ka 1845 ua kekahi poe ilihune e ohi mai. Akā,ʻaʻohe i kekahi bothered kumu o ka hana 'ia. Au pono aku nei au i laila, i keia manawa i i ike nui e pili ana i ka hopena o makika, - uala mai, no ka mea, o ka mea nele, e ohi i ke koi nui o kaʻai. Ke fungus e iho mailoko o tubers, e alakai i ka uala awi aku i loko o ka lepo, a hiki ma hope o ka wa e ohi ai, mai na kula. Eia hou kekahi, fungal spores maʻi hoopuni palahalaha ae ma ka airborne droplets. A ma muli o ia ka mea i loko o Ireland i ka manawa i na uala kanu wale kekahiʻano, i nalowale koke i kaʻai i waena holoʻokoʻa. Ka mea hiki i ka kekahi mau makahiki, e alakai initially i ka nele, a laila, i ka wī ma ka'āina. Kahiko o ka'āina ia loli cholera, a i ka 1849 pepehi oi ma mua o 36 tausani kanaka. I ka moolelo o kaʻuala a me ka noho lakou malaila huli o ka hanana alakai aku ai i ka mea i ka moku'āina ua lilo oi ma mua o ka hapaha o ka heluna kanaka.

Uala: Ka Moʻolelo o kipa Rusia

I nā moʻomeheu hoolaha aku ma Europe, e like me mākou i ike i kēia i loko o ka hana ana o Hawaii, a ma ke kakahiaka nui umikumamawalu kenekulia, ka mea, ike mua ia i loko o Rusia. Ma kēlā mau makahiki, Peter au ua i maalo ma ka Netherlands. Aiaʻo ia iā ia i ka manawa kūpono e hoao i kona mau kīʻaha hoomakaukauia mai uala (i ia manawa, e like me ka manawa, i ole e ike oukou, o kaʻuala, ka home o ia South America). Hoao HOU imu, Lūkini Auguseto la palapalaʻonoʻuala hua. Like i loko o Rusia i keia delicacy i naʻe, ua hoʻoholo e hele i kona hale i kekahi eke o ka uala. A hoomaka ae la i ka mōʻaukala o kaʻuala i loko o Rusia.

Keʻeleʻele ka lepo, e like me ka pono me ka kiʻekiʻe lepoʻakika hou moʻomeheu ua pono loaa. Eia naʻe, eia no na makaainana wary glances i keia kupanaha nō hoʻi, no ka mea, ma muli o ka naaupo o ka pololei iaoiaeii o kona hoomalolo i ua hihia lehulehu o kaʻapu kōheoheo. Pehea e e ai i ka puunaue ana o uala, e kau ma luna o ke Kiure, a unahiʻole? Peter I ua he akamai kanaka, a kii mai ia ia mea hiki ke hana. I kekahi mau mahinaʻai i kanu tubers, a mahope i koa, ka poe i malama ia i ka lā, akā, hele aku la ia mai ke kula i ka po. Keia, kena ae la nui lanakila mawaena o na mea kauwa, a hoomaka ae la lakou ia i ka po ana i kekahiʻike podvorovyvat hou nō hoʻi, a kanu i loko o ko lakou mau kihapai. Naʻe, ka mea ubiquitous ana "lepo kii onohi" nō 'aʻole e hana. Aia he nui o ka poe i "kauoha aku" etched kona hua. No laila, i ka "poino loa kii onohi" ka hapanui na kanaka hoole i ka ulu mai. E like ka nui me 50-60 makahiki makahiki mana nō i poina i loko o Rusia.

E like me kaʻuala mai i kapa

Ma hope, hoʻokani Ana II i kekahi mau manamana nui ma ka mea o kaʻuala, ua lilo ia i mea nui maliuia'ku ia. Naʻe, i ka papa kuhikuhiE impetus no ka laha ana o kumu ulu i ka wi e mai ai i loko o ka 1860s. Ua i laila, a ua hoomanao iho la na mea a pau, ma mua o mamua malama ole, a me ko lakou naau e imi i kaʻuala, ua maikaʻi ono a me ka loa nutritious. E like me ka'ōlelo e hele ai, "he makemake e kekahi mea e pomaikai ai i loko o ka hoopahaohao ana."

O ia ka leo e like me ka hoʻonaneaʻana o kaʻuala i loko o Rusia. No laila, ma manawa, uala tubers kila kanu i ka aina. People hoʻomaopopo koke ihola pehea maikaʻi kēia i kēia nō kumukuai, o ka oi aku i ka manawa o ka pilikia ka wa e ohi ai ulu. Mau nō noonoo lua o ka berena uala no ka mea, he kupono ma ka'ōpao o kona mau laau, kekahi e ola a hiki i ka pilikia manawa. No ka mea, o ko lākou calorie maʻiʻo a me ka waiwai, a hiki i kēia lā i ka mea mua i loko o ka māla - he uala tubers.

No ke aha la uala mea i mea mahaloia imua o Rusia

Mai ka manawa o Peter I koke kanaka lohe e pili ana i ka Nine Inch a me'aiaola waiwai o ke kumu a hiki i ke kanaka kino. Naʻe, i ka mōʻaukala o ka uala hōʻike i ka mea iloko ona waiwai i mea e pono ai no ka ola i loko o manawa o ka wī, maʻi, a me ka poino. He aha ka ai waiwai a me ka maikaʻi kēia i loko o ka mau kumu ka lau? Ua huli mai i kona nā polokina pihaʻi kokoke i ka'amino nāʻakika i mākou ke halawai i kanuʻai. Ekolu haneri nā huna o kēiaʻai nui e lawa pono i ka kela la kūmau o ka potasiuma, phosphorus a me carbohydrates. Uala, ka oi aku hou, waiwai ma ka wikamina C a me ka puluniu. A, ia no hoi he 'ē aʻe oihana mua e pono ai ke ola, e like me ka hao, kiniki, manganese, iodine, paʻakai, a me ka hiki kalipuna. A me ka loa maikaʻi kēia waiwai i kakauiaʻi kaʻoi loa ma ka uala tahasa, i keia la pinepine mai ai. Eia naʻe, i loko o ka wa o ka wi, o ka makaainana mai e hoʻohemahema wale ia, a ai iho la i na uala a pau, pūlehu akula i ka a hoolapalapaia.

Mahi o ka hookahi ʻano o kaʻuala, a me kona hopena

mākou i aʻo like, uala aina hanau - South America. Aia, mahiʻai hana maʻalea, hohola aa o kekahi mauʻano likeʻole. Penei, wale kekahi o ia i paku ole ia i ka maʻi - pō makika, fungal. Nolaila, a hiki ina i nalowale iaʻano likeʻole, ka mea makemake i entail ka weliweli i na ino, e like me ia ma Ireland. Ka mea i ma ka aoao maoli he mauʻano likeʻole o ka mea hookahi moʻomeheu, i malama mai keia ano o ka poino kanaka. Naʻe, ina na hua ulu wale kekahiʻano, ka mea hiki ke alakai i ka mea ia i kekahi manawa i loko o Ireland. Like pono me ka hoʻohana 'ana o Nine Inch fertilizers a me pesticides, i mea pakahi aku la ia he kūlana maikaʻiʻole i nā pōʻaiapuni maoli, a me ka pau o ka kaiapuni.

Ka hou e pono e ulu hoʻokahi wale nōʻano o kaʻuala

Ma ia hihia, a me loko o Rusia, ka mea, e hooluolu mai mahiʻai, e ulu wale i kekahi mauʻano o kaʻuala? Holo nōhie keia e loli ai marketability a me ka hoʻokele waiwai aʻe. Penei, mahiʻai e Piliwaiwai ma luna o ka nani nānaina o ka hua, a pela i kekahi koi nui i waena o nā kānaka kūʻai mai. Ka muli o ka hae moʻomeheu hiki e wahi ana i ka mea ana i ua ualaʻano lawe i loko o kekahi mau wahi kiekie ae e haawi i ko ma mua o na mea e ae. Eia naʻe, e like me ka makou i ike, e like me ka hoʻokokoke hiki i loa-hiki adverse hopena.

Hawaiiʻuala uhini lele - i ka papa kuhikuhiE enemi o ka mala Russian

Great ka poino i ulu ke pili insect pests. Loa ua kaulana i kela mala a mahiai i kekahi ano o ka lau uhini lele - he Hawaiiʻuala uhini lele. No ka mea manawa mua i ka MH 1859, ka mea i ike ehia na hihia ma kaʻuala? Aneii ke lawe mai i kēia insect. A i loko o ke kakahiaka nui 1900s, i ka uhini lele la iʻEulopa. I ka mea i lawe mai iʻaneʻi ma ka iho, oia koke Apo aku la ia i ka holoʻokoʻa'āinapuniʻole, me Rusia. No ka mea, o kona ia'ku i Nine Inch, a e hoʻohana i ka hakakā ia, o ka pilikia mea kokoke i ke kumu nui enemi o na mala. No laila, e pau i kēia hoʻoweliweli, ma ka hou ana i Nine Inch, hoomaka iho la makou e hoʻohana mahiʻai hana. A, ano, i loko o Rusia kela kauwela e noho ana ka poe i makemake e ahaaina ma homemade palai a pulehu iho la i uala ma nā lānahu o ke ahi, mua i no ka ike lea i ka poe noonoo ole ano o ka paioʻana i kēia pest.