Dmitry Cantemir, Moldovan a me ka Lūkini statesman a me ka haumāna. Kawaihae, ohana, na keiki

Ua halawai ke kanaka, ÷ ino o Peter I a me poʻokela statesman, i he nui na makana i ka honua moʻomeheu like me ka mea kākau, kākau moʻolelo, poe akeakamai a me ka Orientalist. Member o ka Pelelina Academy i ka 1714,ʻo ia i loko o kana mau palapala, ia ka hoʻololi mai medieval scholastic manao i ke kālā no ka naauao pepa. Kona inoa - Dmitry Kantemir.

Wā kamaliʻi a me n Education

Aina hanau o politician Okatoba 26, 1673 ma ka Moldovan kauhale Silishten. Ma hope ka mea, hele ke Romania, akā, i kēia lā ua kapaia Vaslui. I ka pau ana o ka XVII kenekulia, e neo? Aaiiai? I ka noho ana o Constantine Cantemir - Moldovan luna a me ka makua kāne o ke keiki Dmitry. Kona makuwahine Anna Bantysh ikeia ia mea, ua i ka 'elele o kekahi o na boyars kahiko.

Mai ke kakahiaka kamaliʻi, i ke kahua o ke kanaka o Dmitry Konstantinovich Ua nui 'ole ma o kona kumu - hoʻonaʻauao ke kanaka, he möneka I. Kakavela. I ka manawa, ua ikeia no ka lehulehu paʻi puke, hoʻopaʻapaʻa aku i ka hai ana o Catholicism, e like me ka mea kākau o ka puke no ke kūpili, ma a ka 'epekema o ka hanauna e hiki mai ana o akeakamai a me theologians aʻo.

Nā makahiki lilo ma ka Turkish kapikala

I ka makahiki o ka umikumamalima, Dmitri ua ma Kou. Aia ia i hele mai no ko lakou makemake iho, a ua like me ka mea pani o ka moku'āina, ua kumuhana ia Tureke, a ua i ia manawa Moldavia. I loko o ia ka unenviable kulana,ʻo ia,ʻaʻole naʻe, 'aʻole e lilo i ka haawina o ka manawa a me ka mau no ka hoʻoikaika' ana i kona hoʻonaʻauao. I ka hana ana pela, e hoomakaukau invaluable kōkua i na mea he nuiʻepekema patriarchal Greek-Roma Academy, a ua i ka manawa, e like me ia mea i loko o ke kapikala o ka illustrious awa.

I na makahiki ekolu i hoolilo ia ma luna o nā kapa o ka Bosphorus, pōloli no ka ike ua kanaka opiopio la, ua aʻo Greek, Turkish, Apapika a me ka Roma, me pono me ka papa o nā haʻi'ōlelo ma ka mōʻaukala, akeakamai a me ka theology. Kona worldview Hawaiʻi i loko o kēlā mau makahiki ma lalo o ka aoao o ka philosophical hana o Anthony a me Spandoni, a me ka hopena o ka hoalauna me maoli kālaiʻike manaʻo Meletios Arta.

Koa kai eʻe a me ka pili aupuni me ka hana malu

A hiki i ka 1691, Dmitry Kantemir Ua hoi i ka hale, ia i loaʻa iā ia iho i loko o ka mānoanoa o ka kaua, i alakai Moldavia a me Poland. E like me ke keiki a ke alii, Dmitry i waena o nā luna ka mea i alakai na tausani o ka poʻe hao wale. I ka 1692, oia kapa hoʻohanohano iā ia iho ma o ka hoopuni ana i ka pā Soroca hoopio iho la ia auamo. Ua ua i kona mua hana o ka hakakā ana a me ka hooholo-ana, ma i kaukaʻi na ola o na mea he nui kanaka.

pili i ka mea maloko pili aupuni paio i loko o ka'āina lehulehu pilikia Next, i ka 1693, lawe mai la ia ia. Ka mea i kona makua kāne make Cantemir, ka mea i hiki i kona make ana i ka luna o Moldavia, a ma hope o kona make ana i ka boyars koho hope Dmitry. Akā, hoʻokahi makemake Boyar i ole lawa.

Mai ka na'lii a ua ma lalo o ka Turkish protectorate, i aponoia i ka koho acoeueoao i loko o Kou. He i ka lanakila o ka pili aupuni hoa paio Cantemir - ka luna o Wallachia, Ioana Brancoveanu. He ua hiki ke ho ololi i ke Suletana, a me ka hopena o ka candidacy o Dmitry i hooleia.

Ma ka kalaiaina hana

Ma hope o ka 'ole, i loaʻa iā ia ka mea kiekie loa moku'āina lāʻau kū, Cantemir hoike i Kou, akā, i kēia manawa,ʻaʻole like me ka mea pani, a ma luna o ke kalaiaina nuʻukia. He Ua kohoia ka oihana Luna o ka Moldavian haku ma ke alo o ke Suletana. Keia manawa, i kona noho ma na kahakai o ka Bosphorus ua oi hooloihi ae i. Me ka nīnūnē haʻahaʻaʻo ia i noho ai i loko o ka Turkish kapikala a hiki i 1710.

Kēia manawa i loko o ke ola o Dmitry Kantemir i Ua eventful. He ua ia e kaua, akā, i kēia manawa i loko o ka Turkish kaua. A eia nae ke kaua me ka Austrians ma ka Tisza muliwai, i loko o ka mea ana i i wahi, i pau ai i loko o ke kaomi pio no nā poʻe hao wale o ke Suletana, nae, ka mea, ua hāʻawi iā ia i ka waiwai o ke koa ka hoao ana. Aia i loko o ka kalaiaina hana, Cantemir ka hoʻomaka 'ana i ka laulā pōʻai o ka hoalauna.

I waena o kona mau hou hoa he kekahi 'elele o ka' epekema, ka loa kaulana o i i ke kaulana Turkish nä känaka 'epekema Sadi Effendi, a ma hope o nā mea he nuiʻEulopa. He lilo launa pu me ka Lūkiniʻelele Kauna Petrom Andreevichem Tolstoy, familiarity me i i loa-a hiki i ka hopena.

A malu kuikahi me ka Lūkini tsar

I ka 1710, ka wā kaua wawahi mai ma waena o Rusia a me Tureke, Cantemir loaa mai ka Turkish aupuni ka Moldavian na'lii, i ke komo 'ana i loko o hostilities. Eia naʻe, malū inaina hoʻokaumaha o kona'āina, a na manaolana ma ka Lūkini bayonets, mea, ua i hui 'ana me ka Lūkini ke aupuni, ka hoʻohana' ana i kona hou hoa - helu Tolstoy.

Turkish Aupuni, kau ana ma luna o Cantemir kiʻekiʻe na manaolana, i lana ai o kona aloha, ana i haawiia i ka makaukau ana o ka Moldovan koa i ke kaua me Rusia. Ma Dmitry kuleana pū i ka hana ana o na alahaka a me kau akamai ma ka Danube, like hoʻi me ka hoʻolako 'hooilo Swedes n iaainoaoeii neo, ola ka disastrous kaua o Poltava no ia, piha ka makaukau e lawe mākaia no ka pio ana o ka mea kahiko. Ma luna o kona kii ana, alaila, ua koiia e hoʻomaka malu hoʻomakākiu o kona kahiko pili aupuni hoa paio Brancoveanu, nona Suletana manao o ke kipi.

Oiai ma 1711 ma ka Slutsk, kekahi o na kulanakauhale nui ma ka Western Ukraine, Dmitry Kantemir Aliʻi me ka kōkua o ke Kauna P. A. Tolstogo hoouna aku ai i St. Petersburg konaʻelele Stephan Luca, ka mea i aoia mai i ka hoopaa malu i mea kamaʻilio me Peter I, a ke manao nei me ia i ka tacit kuikahi i mau hana ku i ke Kauai.

Ka aelike, a i destined e pau e no

Mai ia manawa Cantemir kokoke alu like 'ana me ka Lūkini mō'ī. Ma ka la 1711, oia i ua 'Imi' ole ma o ka ke kaha kiʻiʻana o ke kuikahi e hoʻolako no ka naau mai hoʻohui 'ia o Moldova ma lalo o Lūkini mana ma luna o kū kaʻawale. Kekahi o ka, he umikumamahiku paukū o ka palapala ma ka mō'ī hai aku la oia i ka leka, Dmitry Cantemir, a me ka pono o ka hoolilo ana i ka mana i kona pololei hooilina. I ka Ia manawa koe kōna na pomaikai a pau o na boyars.

Ka loa nui wahi ana o ka aelike i ka hoi ana mai o Moldova nā panalāʻau e noho pio ma ka Porte, a me ka abolition o ka Turkish hookupu. Hoʻokō 'ana i ka' aelike ia i ka hopena o Ottoman rula. Ua halawai mai me ka hoihoi kākoʻo o nā nāʻoihana o ka Moldovan ke kaiāulu kanaka, a ua hoʻolako Cantemir Popular kākoʻo.

Prut 'aelike

Akā, ua rosy manao kuka i ole hoʻomaopopo. E wehe i ka aina Moldovan i ka 1711 tridtsativosmitysyachnaya Lūkini koa hele ma lalo o ke kauoha o ka helu Sheremetyev. Ma ka hoomau ana o kaua Peter au ua kino noho ma-Nui kōmi.

Keia kai eʻe, hele aku la ia ma ka mōʻaukala me ka Prut ma ka inoa o ka muliwai ma laila ua he kukulu iho la i kaua me ka poe koa o kaʻenemi stadvadtsatitysyachnoy ua hoʻokuʻikahi no Lūkini. E pale make ku ei ka oi koa o ka Turkish kaua, Peter au pūlima i ka maluhia kuikahi, ma lalo a Rusia nalowale mua lanakila Azov a me ka nui o ka mokuna o ka Azov kai. Penei, Moldova ua ma lalo o Turkish rula nō.

E neʻe ana i Moscow, a me ke aloha i ke alii ka

O ka holo ana, ma hope o nā mea a pau i ua hiki mai ma luna o ka repatriation o Moldovans a pau ka poe i malamaʻi, ma lalo o ka Lūkini hae hiki ole e ninaninau ia. Tausani boyars i hiki ai ma Moscow, kahi āna i hāʻawiʻia i ka loa cordial halawai. Pu me ia, a hiki Cantemir. Dmitry K. Ua hookoia ka inoa o ka helu no kona aloha ia Rusia i ke kuleana e kapa aku ai "Grace".

Eia hou kekahi, ua hoonohoia ma ka paa hoomau, haawi nui mau mea o ka'āina i loko o ka papa aina o Orel. Ke aupuni 'ma luna o lākou mokuna a me ka noho Dimitrovka Kantemirovka ola. I ka mua o ia ua loaa i ke kūlana o ke kulanakauhale a me ka heluna o elima a me ka tausani kanaka hapalua, oiai ua ka hoʻokiwikā-'ano noho i ka lua. Ma luna o nā mea a pau Kantemir like me ka haku o nā mea a pau i hele mai i ona lā nā meaʻeʻe moku Moldovan ka pono, e hoolilo aku i ko lakou mau ola ma ko lakou mau manao.

Europa i ka hoʻomaopopo pono o ka 'epekema palapala

I ka 1713, make aku la ia i ka wahine Dmitriya Kantemira Cassandra Kontakuzin. Ma hope o kona make ana, ae hoomau ana i ka noho ana ma Moscow, ka malama ana hui 'ana me ka loa holomua kanaka o ka manawa. Mawaena o ka koʻikoʻi loa, e noho ana i ka mea hoʻoheheʻe kālā o ka Roma-Greek Academy Feofan Prokopovich V. N. Tatischev, Prince AM Cherkassky, I. Yu Trubetskoy, he koʻikoʻi statesman B. P. Sheremetev. Like pilikino kakauolelo a me ke kumu o na keiki ka mea, ua kono pono-ike mea kākau a me ka playwright I. I. Ilinskogo.

Ma ka manawa, ua loaa mai Europa kaulana, he nui loa akeakamai hana i i hanaia i na makahiki o kona noho malihini ai Dmitry Kantemir. Description o Moldova a me Tureke, hana ma linguistics a me akeakamai a lawe mai la ia ia ao kaulana. Pelelina Halau o Sciences i ka 1714, i aku la ia ia i loko o kā lākou mau poʻe kaua, e like me ka honorary lālā. O ka holo ana, Lūkiniʻepekema ua haawi hana kānaka apau i mākaukau o kona colleague.

Lua o ka mare ana, neʻe maila i ke kapa o ka Neva

I ka 1719 i loko o kona ola ana e hele mai i ka kupaianaha hanana - mea komo i loko o ka hou mare. Kēia manawa kona poe i waeia kekahi i Duchess AI Trubetskaya. Iloko o ka mareʻana i ka piko o ke poʻo na kahu i paʻa ia ia iho ia Auguseto Peter I. He mea eha e noonoo ai i na i ka hanohano nui i no ke kamaaina o ka Lūkini mō'ī. I ka pau ana o na hang, Dmitry Kantemir a me kona 'ohana neʻe i St. Petersburg, kahi ia i paʻa i ka koʻikoʻi lehulehu oihana kuhikuhi o Peter I ma ka noho ana o ka hikina. Eia ka mea, o kekahi o ka poe hea ka i ke alii.

A hiki i ka 1722 o ka Emperor Ho'āʻo kona kaulana Peresia kai eʻe, Dmitry Konstantinovich ua pili ia ia, e like me ke poo o ka State Chancellery. Ma kona Initiative, ua he pai hale, i pai ia nā ma Apapika. Kēia i mea e hiki ai i ka i hoʻouluulu a kūhōhō i kekahi olelo hoolaha o ka Emperor a hiki i na kanaka e noho Peresia, a me ka Caucasus.

ʻepekema na hana a me ka evolution o philosophical wale

ʻO ka wartime Cantemir, e like he nui Lūkiniʻepekema, trapped ma ka like ana i i hooki noiʻi. I loko o kēia mau makahiki, no ka mea, ua palapala mai i ka pau moʻo o ka mōʻaukala, a me ka Leeuwerikplein philosophical hana. E like me ka hooikaika archaeologist, lawe aʻela ia mai i ka hoʻopaʻa 'ana o kia hoʻomanaʻo i kahiko o Dagestan a me Derbent. Kona manao ma ka walaʻauʻana ninau o ka ke ao holoʻokoʻa akaaka malu ma ia manawa he nui evolution. I ka hala, he adherent o ka theological idealism, ma na makahiki i lilo i rationalist, a ma na hihia a pau, a hiki i ka noho'na makaainana i ulu materialist.

No ka laʻana, ma kana mau palapala, oia koi i ka mea a pau honua, i nanaia, aʻike makaʻole,ʻo kona kūpono 'ana ma luna o ka muli o Pahuhopu kānāwai, predefined ma ka nana i hana. Eia naʻe, Ua hiki e noiʻi i ia lakou, a, e kuhikuhi mai i ke ao nei i ka holomua ma ke ala e hiki aku akau no na kanaka i ka mana o ka manaʻo. Mawaena o ka mōʻaukala hana Cantemir alakai wahi ma luna o ka mōʻaukala o na awa, a me kona poʻe hoahānau Moldova.

I ka pau ana o ka lei ola

Dmitry Cantemir, kona Kawaihae ua pili loa i pili i ka hoopilikia ana o ka Petrine nā mea hoʻololi a me nā mea hoʻololi, hala aku la September 1, 1723. Ka hope wā o kona olaʻana, ua lilo ia ma ka Auguseto ia ia i ka waiwai Dimitrovka. Ka lehu o ka hana pono hoa o Petero au i kanuʻia i loko o Moscow, i loko o nā paia o ka hoailona o ke ka Helene, a me ka ke kanakolu o ka XX kenekulia kaʻi aku iā Romania, ma Iasi.

E ke kaikamahine o Moldovan Hana

I kekahi o ka hope manawa, i ka noho alii ana o Empress Elizabeth, oia loaa kaulana Cantemir kaikamahine, mai kona lua o ka mare Katerina Golitsyn, ka mea i hanau ma ka 1720. Ia inoa iho la ia ia i ka 1751, ua mare kekahi luna Izmailovo Regiment Dmitry Mikhailovich Golitsyn. i ka ahaaina mare ma hope, ia i ua lokomaikaiia mai oia e kona empress i loko o maoli haku wahine.

Me he nui ka pomaikai, a me ka hailona o ka hele, Katerina Golitsyn lilo kekahi mau makahiki ma Paris, kahi āna i nanea halawai pomaikai nui ma kiʻekiʻe ke kaiāulu kanaka, a ma ka 'aha hoʻokolokolo. Her Salon ua kekahi o ka loa kaila i loko o ka Palani kulanakauhale alii. I ka wa i kohoia i ke kane Lūkini elele ma Paris, ia ua lilo ia i maoli hoku.

Kona ola iʻoki pōkole i loko o 1761 ma muli o ka maʻi. Dmitry Mikhailovich ua loa kōkua ma o ka make ana o kana aloha wahine. Ua ola makou mahope o konaʻaneʻane kanakolu makahiki,ʻo ia i hoʻoili ai i kona emi lā, e kūkulu i ka haukapila ma ka hoomanao ana o kana wahine no ka poe ilihune. Kēia makemake i aeia, a me ka Golitsyn Halemai Moiwahine, a lilo i ka hoʻomaka o ka XX kenekulia i loko o ka First City Halemai Moiwahine, ua lilo ia i kia hoʻomanaʻo i ka wahine ana i aloha ai.

Palace ma ka Neva embankment

About ka Dimitrie Cantemir ke hoole i mamo kilohana hale,ʻai i ka Palace Embankment ma St. Petersburg. Kēia mua hale Dmitriya Kantemira. Kūkulu ma nā twenties o ka XVIII kenekulia, ka mea, o ka mua hale kūkulu ma ka'ākau kapikala poʻokela Italian kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone BF Rastrelli. Kona kiʻi 'oe ke' ike ma luna. Naʻe, i ka Moldavian Aliʻi iho uaʻaʻole hiki ke ola i loko o laila. He make ka wā o ka hale i no ka hoʻopau hana, akā, i kona inoa ua mau loa ua hoʻopili i keia masterpiece o ka kuhikuhipuʻuone.