Experience Rutherford hoopuehu ana, alpha (particles) (pōkole)

Ernest Rutherford - keia mea kekahi o na Mamua o ke kumu aʻo o ka kipi 'ole o ka'Ātoma. He hanau nä känaka 'epekema maʻEnelani, i loko o ka' ohana o nā meaʻeʻe moku mai Kekokia. Rutherford ua i ka ha o ke keiki i loko o konaʻohana, i ka mea ia manawa hoao iho la e ia i ka loa loea. Ke kūikawā na makana ia hiki e ai i ka kumumanaʻo o'ātoma 'ole.

Ka loiloi mua manaʻo e pili ana i ka 'ole o ka'Ātoma

It E e kaulana ia ma mua i paa Rutherford ka kaulana hoʻokolohua ma ka hoopuehu aku ana i, alpha (particles), Hoʻohaku i ia manawa i ka manaʻo o ka 'ole o ka'Ātoma i ke kumu hoʻohālike o Thompson. Kēia nä känaka 'epekema ke paulele nei au i ka mea maikaʻi i kauoha ua uniformly hoopiha i ka holoʻokoʻa ka leo o ka'Ātoma. Na negatively papa electrons, Thompson, manao iho la, he allegedly splashes i loko o ia.

Elue i ka 'epekema kipi

Mahope iho haalele ke kula, Rutherford like ka loa loea haumāna loaa i ka haawi ana i £ 50 no ka hou aʻo. ka mea, ua hiki ke hele i ke kulanui i loko o New Zealand no ka mea, o keia. Next, he keiki ka poʻe puni hoʻonaʻauao me kŰia ma ke Kulanui o Canterbury, a hoomaka ae la seriously e noiʻi i ke kālaikūlohea a me ka kemika. I ka 1891, Rutherford i kona mua hoike ma ke kumuhana "Ka Evolution o na kumu mua." Ua Ua koho ka manaʻo no ka manawa mua loa ma ka moolelo i ka'Ātoma mea he luna '' ole.

A laila, Kīwala'ō ma lalo o ka manaʻo o HaleakaLā i nā'ātoma i indivisible ma ka 'epekema koʻikoʻi a hanohano. Ka poe puni Rutherford, i kona manaʻo mea he pupule. Young nä känaka 'epekema mau ia e kala mai i nā hoapili no kā lākou mau "mea." Akā, 12 makahiki ma hope, Rutherford nō e hoʻokele i hooiaio i ko lakou hihia. Ma Rutherford i kekahi manawa, e hoʻomau i kona noiʻi ma ka Cavendish keʻena hoʻokolohua maʻEnelani, kahi ana i hoomaka ai e noiʻi i nā keʻano o ka hanaʻana o ka lewa ionization. Ka mua loaʻa o Rutherford he ka Alpha a me ka Hoʻokolohua kukuna.

ka mahina Rutherford

Pokole e pili ana i ka puka ke hai aku ai: i ka 1912, Rutherford a me kona mau kānaka kōkua i kona kaulana hoʻokolohua -, alpha (particles) kinoea mai ka kumu o ke kēpau. All (particles) koe nae ka poe i ike ke kemu kēpau, a neʻe loa ma ka paa Kanal. Lākou ololi kahawai hana 'ia ma luna o ka lahilahi ahu iho la ka pepa kini. Kēia laina mea p ÷ haku i ka pepa. Experience Rutherford hoopuehu ana, alpha (particles) hoao iho la ia i ka poe (particles) a hele ana oukou ma ka pepa o ka pepa kini ma, no laila, i kapaʻia scintillation, kena ae la i ka pale.

Kēia pale Ua kapa komo iā ia me ka kūikawā mea a glows ka wā i pepehiʻia e ka Alpha huna. I ka wa waena o ke ahu iho o ke gula pepa kini a me ka pale i piha vacuo e, alpha (particles) e hoʻopuehuʻia i loko o ka lewa. Oia ka mea i 'ae' noiʻi, e malama i ka (particles) e hoʻopuehuʻia ma ka huina o 150 °.

Inā ua ole hoʻohana 'ia ka pepa kini me he keʻakeʻa nei a hiki i ka laau o ke, alpha (particles), i ka pale hanaia he ao alohilohi i pōʻai o scintillations. Akā, e like ma mua ka mea, i ka'ākeʻakeʻa laau nui o ke gula pepa kini, i ke kiʻi i loli. Outbreakʻikeʻia,ʻaʻole wale mawaho o keia a puni, akā, no hoi ma kaʻaoʻao e ku pono ana o ka pepa kini. Experience Rutherford hoopuehu ana, alpha (particles) hōʻike ana i ka hapanui o ka (particles) e hele ma ka pepa kini ole kekahi 'loli ma ke kinoea make.

Eia naʻe, ua deflected kekahi (particles) ma ka huina 'ano nui, a i kiola hoʻi. Ma kēlā me kēia 10 000 ka 'elele i maalo ae la oia ma ka, ahu iho o ke gula (particles) hoʻokahi wale pepa kini deviates ma kekahi huina e oi 10 ° - me he koe no kekahi o na (particles) deflected ma ka huina.

Ke kumu o ka Alpha (particles) deviated

He aha au mamuli noonoo, a ai Track moolelo Rutherford - 'ole o ka'Ātoma. Oia kulana, IeOOAOeAAYAaE i ka'Ātoma mea,ʻaʻole he ana hoʻonaʻauao. Ka hapa nui o na (particles) ka 'elele i hele ma ka pepa kini o kekahi'Ātoma manoanoa. A mahope mai o ka nui o ka, alpha (particles)ʻaneʻane 8000 manawa nui ma mua o ka nuipa o ka huina'ine, i ka hope o ka hiki ole i ka nui ia ma luna o ke ala o Alpha (particles). Ua hiki ke hana wale e kekahi'ātoma nucleus - he kino o ka poe liilii, nui, ua aneane pau loa ka nui a me ka pau ana o ka uila malama o ka'Ātoma. I ia manawa ka mea, ua he nui Hopu Pelekāne physicist. Rutherford ka hoao ana o kekahi o ka nui a me ke kapuai ma ka hooulu ana o ka 'epekema o ka pā' ole o ka'Ātoma.

Other discoveries loaa i ka hoʻopaʻa 'ana o ka'Ātoma

Kēia mau haʻawina i pololei kekahi hōʻike i ka maikaʻi malama o ka'Ātoma mea i loko o kona nucleus. Kēia māhele ninoaaeyao He uuku loa ka lewa hoʻohālikelike ai i ka nui o kona ano hoopono. Ua uuku ka leo ka ua nui, alpha (particles) ikea loaʻaʻole paha. O na (particles) a hele kokoke i ka'ātoma nucleus, ho'āʻoʻoi deviations mai o ka ala, no ka mea, ka mea repulsive ikaika ma waena o ka Alpha huna, a'ātoma nucleus he nui loa potent. Rutherford ka ho okolohua ma ka hoopuehu aku ana i, alpha (particles) hōʻike i ka likelihood i ke Alpha huna loaʻa 'ana i loko o ka Kernel. Naʻe, i ka likelihood ua uuku loa, akā, iʻole.

Ka mea, ua i ka wale oiaio e ua ho'āʻo ai ma ka hana o Rutherford. Pokole aʻo i ka 'ole o ka'Ātoma, a me kona nā hoapili, nawai au i hoolilo i ka helu o nā nui discoveries. Ma waho e ao ana ia, alpha (particles) e hoʻokēʻai-neʻe maila helium nuclei.

Ke nä känaka 'epekema ua hiki ke wehewehe mai i ka' ole o ka'Ātoma, ma a ka nucleus ninoaaeyao he hapa uuku wale no o ka heluna ka leo. Kona ike maopopo ana i ho'āʻo ai i kaʻaneʻane ka malama holoʻokoʻa o ka'Ātoma ua kiaʻana i kāna i loko o kona Kora naʻEsau. A pau keia ia lŘlŘ nā hihia i ka haiahū kūmau o Alpha-(particles) a me na hihia o ko lākou hookui hookahe koko ana a me ka nucleus.

Ho okolohua Rutherford ka nukelea kumu hoʻohālike o ka'Ātoma

I ka 1911, Rutherford hope haʻawina lehulehu laila'ōlelo akula kekahi kumu hoʻohālike o'ātoma 'ole, a kapa aku la ia i ka planetary. E like me ia i kēia kumu hoʻohālike, ka mea, ua hoʻonohonoho i loko o ka'Ātoma kāna mau 'ōlelo a iloko ona i kakauia kokoke i ka anai nuipa o ka huna. Electrons neʻe a puni ka nucleus ma ka like me hana na hoku a puni ka la. O kā lākou 'ia paha i ka ai-kapaia huina'ine ao. Atom no hoi i ka'ākilikai nāʻoihana, e like me ka ike ana o Rutherford.

Ka 'ole o ka'Ātoma i loko o ka wā e hiki mai ana i mea e hopohopo neiʻepekema, o Niels Bohr. Ua i ka mea nana i hoohehee maemae i ka Rutherford ao ana, no ka mea, a hiki i Bohr planetary kumu hoʻohālike o ka'Ātoma hoomaka ae la e maka pilikia wehewehe. E like me ka huina'ine kolo ana a puni ka nucleus i loko o ka Astronomical me ka kekahi hoʻonui, ma neia hope aku ka mea pono e haule iho ai i ka nucleus o ka'Ātoma. Eia naʻe, Niels Bohr ua hiki ke hooiaio i na kanawai o ka panina mechanics mea hou hana i loko o ka'Ātoma.