Leonid Andreev: Kawaihae a me na hana

He nui nā 'atikala e pili ana i Leonid Andreev hoʻomaka i ka mea ia ia ua i ke kahua o Russian Expressionism (i ke kumu o keia au mea,ʻaʻole e hoohalike ai o ka ike maopopo a me ka loko ao o ka mea kākau, ka mea paha ke). 'Oiai, loa pinepine a me keia wehewehena o kona nō wā wahi i kona papa hana a me ka noho pilikia realism a me Neo-realism a me ka fantastic realism a me maoli mysticism.

Ka nele o ka wale nô i loko o ka ua kuhikuhi

Leonid Andreev, i ua Hing ma luna o ka hana ana o na papa pihi, i kekahi manawa, ia i hiki ole hoakaka lākou affiliation i kekahi pele. A kākau i loko o ka palapala ana i Maxim Gorky ka mea noi i ia mea i loko o mea, e like me ka hiki i ka decadent oia mea he Ouji, a me Ouji - symbolist. I kana hana, he loea a me ka palapala kākau makemake e hoʻokō i ka hoʻololi kemikala, a ma ka liʻiliʻi loa hoʻokuʻikahi i nāʻaoʻaoʻelua o ka hoʻomaopopo i ke ao nei, e noho ana a mau kaua i loko o kona manaʻo - decadent a me kaʻoia iʻo.

Two i loko o kekahi

Me ka realism akaka. A aha ka decadence? Direct unuhi 'o ia hoʻi emi a me ka nohona regression. Ke akamai, a me ka moʻokalaleo - he modernist kuhikuhi, a ua wehewehe aku ma ka loa ano o ka aestheticism, individualism a me ka amorality a kolohe. A ua makemake kēia mau ae mikanele ihola e synthesize i loko o kāna hana, Leonid Andreev. A pau keia i ka facet o kona maikaʻi loa palapala talena, a me kona Aina, ua koke recognizable, a hiki nae ia ia i ka makana o masterful kakau ana ma lalo o kekahi - paha ma lalo o Garshina, ina paha ma lalo o Chekhov a me Dostoevsky, i ka hana a ua mahalo a. It E e hui i ka teenage makahiki, a laila, ma kona ola i heluhelu Schopenhauer a me Nietzsche, a manaʻo iā lākou e like me kā lākou mau uhane mentors.

makua

Leonid Andreev Ua hānauʻia i loko o ka 'ano waiwai ohana. Paternal kupuna kāne i kekahi luna o ke aliʻi, a me ke kupunawahine - i ka pā kaua. He 'atikala hele aku la i ka maikai kupuna kāne. A puulena hoohalike ana o ka pono a me kaʻono no ka inu - i kona makua kāne, he surveyor, taxotere (evaluator), ka mea i make no alcoholism ma ka makahiki o ka 42 makahiki. A ke aloha no ka mea a pau nani kākau ua koi i ka makuahine - i ka 'elele o ka Hune Polish aliʻi ohana, e aloha aku la ia ia wholeheartedly. No laila, i loko o ke kūlanakauhale o Orel i loko o ka ohana kūhelu August 21, 1871 Ua hānau i ka wā e hiki mai, "ka Lūkini intelligentsia Sphinx", i kapaia ma kona wā.

Artist anal

'Ano, ua aʻo i na makahiki 6, a hoopaa iho la ma kona ola i ka maʻa a heluhelu voraciously. Ke kūloko kiʻekiʻe kula Orel komo aku la i ka makahiki o ka 11, oia aʻo mea, akā, hana - ia makahiki, no ka hoʻoponopono pilikia - kakau iho la kokoke pau loa ka papa, a me ka mea, ua pau okoa ma ka kaila. Akā, e pili ana i kekahi kākau Leonid Andreev i ole manaʻo, no ka mea, ua pau loa ia i'ō i unuhi. He lilo i ka 'oihana pena hope Orel i ole oe kula, akā, ke hiki, e kikoo i ke ia manawa maikai e hanai i kona ohana -ʻo ia i uku ia 11 rubles no ke kiʻi. ka mea kākau moʻolelo o ka make makahiki ma hope o hoomaka i kana hana, e ho'āʻo i hoʻonohonoho 'nā hōʻike, a me nā masterpieces o ka pena haku, i kona wā.

Mai St. Petersburg i Moscow

A laila, Leonid Andreev Kawaihae a e e kekahi manawa e pili ana i ke kulanakauhale ma ka Neva River komo ka Kauhalenui University ma ka oihana o ka jurisprudence. Akā koke i kona makua kāne make, a me ka ohana i loaʻa i loko o ka pilikia ana, a pinepine ia e starve ia a pau. Maoli ai, ma ke ana ia ma luna o kona mau poʻohiwi waiho iho ia mau hopohopo, i ka wā e hiki mai kākau moʻolelo ua loa apolitical. Ma hope o ka waiho ana i ke kapikala, hoʻoneʻe i ka 'ohana a hiki i kaʻai Moscow, kahi Andreev me ka manawa, au pono aku nei au, loa ana puka' o ia mai ka palapala oihana o ke Kulanui o Moscow, a me ka pono, e hana i loko o ka loio iʻoihana kahuna. Ke hou aku ia i aʻo i elima makahiki.

Amorous a me ka 'ehaʻeha o

He mea pono i ka stipulate i keia kilakila maikai kanaka me ka palupalu hiʻona i aloha mua wahine, a aloha ae la oia ia passionately - ia i hiki ole i noonoo ai i ke ola me ke aloha. A incidentally au ua suicidal: i kona a pau ke ola ka mea, ua i ho'āʻo ekolu e pakele mai ke ola - ia i loko o kona wā'ōpiopio, a me ka stupidity i loko o nā makahiki 16 kikiʻo ma waena o nā mawah (fatalist), laila, pana aku la ia ia iho i loko o ka naʻau o ka hōʻole loira e mare ia ia. Maoli, i kēia lua o ka hoao, a alakai aku i ka naʻau a me ka mā i ka make.

Ike mua moʻolelo

Ka hoʻomaka o kona mau palapala, ai '' oihana i ka mea kākau moʻolelo Leonid Andreyev pili i ka 1898. A i ka wa a ka "Courier", i loko o ka mea ana i hoʻolimalima i kākau lōʻihi hoʻolaha pāʻoihana, hiʻona 'atikala, a me nā memo, paʻi i kona mua moʻolelo, "Bargamot a me Garas'ko". Ma ka alohilohi, mua tālena, o ka mea e koke aku ma hope o ka moʻolelo mua o ka mea kākau i ike ma ka heluhelu, kiʻiʻoniʻoni a me Maxim Gorky, nana koke kono aku la ia ia i loko o ke kaiāulu kanaka, "Knowledge" a loaaʻi ka ike i ka mea kākau moʻolelo o ka honua a pau. Ma ka L. N. Andreeve i olelo mai ai, a me ka wā i loko o 1901, ua paʻi i kona moʻolelo "Once ma luna o ka manawa," ua lilo kaulana, aloha, oluolu.

Ka mea hiki ole hiʻona

Leonid Andreev, kona Kawaihae ua manawa inseparably pili wale me ka palapala hana, ua incredibly mahalo mea kākau. Aia i kekahi manawa, i ka wa ia i haalele ia mahope, ma ka hiʻona Veresaeva ole wale a me Bunin, akā, Gorky, a me ka uku ana i ua frantic. E like me kāna moʻopuna wahine,ʻo ia i uku ia 5 rubles i loko o ke gula no laina (laina ma ka laina ma Rusia, ke kumu wale, e uku ia ia). Ma brackets ka mea, ua lohe ia i ka moa laila, loaʻa 14 keneta. Leonid Andreyev nani ka palapala, ai 'ōlelo, hana nā moʻolelo, kona Aina, ka hopuʻia. Nani loa na hana o ka "Iuda Isekariota", "manao", "Life Vasiliya Fiveyskogo", ka moʻolelo o "He" i wā i kapaʻia he masterpiece o Russian Kokika - kēlā o kana hana, e nana imua i ka, heluhelu a me reread, kūkā mai na wahi a pau.

An ardent Anati-Soviet

Leonida Andreevaʻike hoʻokumu mea kokoke i ike ole i ka keia hanauna. Ke Soviet mea heluhelu i ike ia a hiki i na 60s, a me ka'Āhewa «SOS» - i ka hoʻopiʻi kū'ē 'ana i ka Western alakaʻi, e hoola ia Rusia, mai ka Bolsheviks. Kēia hiki ole ke kalaia. Malia paha i loko o ka wā e hiki mai kokoke i e hoʻololi, no ka mea, kekahi o na moʻolelo o kēia mea kākau i komo i loko o ke kula laulā maʻamau. Bright, unexpected kuka Kai, pono i kākau i loko o mōakāka 'ōlelo o ka huina hoonui ia auoiaea o keia,''he kākau i ka luna o ke kala, Age o Lūkini moʻokalaleo. Kela o kana keiki i loa ia ia mea paakiki i ka inoa i kekahi o ia makakū piko. Malia paha ka poe e makemake i ka puke "Diary o Satana", paha ka mea, ua pau. Kä Satana Andreev, hoopuni a puni kona manamana lima na kanaka, ka poe i lilo Smarter a meaner mea hewaʻiʻo i ka walohia o ka heluhelu a me ka oiaio walohia. Eia naʻe, "ke aniani o ka RussianʻOiʻenehana" wahi a pili ana i Leonid Andreev disparagingly, akā, admirers o ka mea kākau o kēia i i kuʻu iho.

heʻano o ka emigration

Lua 'kekahi mea'ē aʻe i loko o kāna hana, Ln Honolulu Andreev i loko o ke ola ua,ʻaʻole lawa no ka kekahi e like. He ua oi aku ia i loko o na lehulehu. Kana wahine mua i ke kaikamahine o Taras Shevchenko vnuchatnaya - Veligorodskaya Alexander, ka mea i make me ka hopena o ka postpartum mai kuni. Ka lua o ka wahine a ua Anna Ilinichna Denisevich, a ua i kona mua a me ka palapala, ai 'wale kakauolelo. Ma hope o mare hoʻoneʻe i ka pau nui ohana i ko lakou mau hale, kuai lilo mai i loko o ka Pinilana kauhale Vammelsu. 1916-1917 makahiki Andreev paʻa i loko o St. Petersburg, akā, no ka OkatobaʻOiʻenehana nele, e lawe i ka ikaika e hiki hua'ōlelo. He hoi aku la i Finland, a koke wawahi aku mai Rusia. Kākau mea kupaianaha moʻolelo e like me "ka ehiku i kauia," a me ka "Red akaaka", like Ilya Repin i loko o kona mau Penates, lilo haole AHAILONO A KA.

Homeward paa

Leonid Andreyev, he pōkole Kawaihae i mea oiaio loa pōkole, e like, ma ka mea, ke ola ... Ka mea kākau moʻolelo make ma kona mau makahiki 48, mai ka naau mai. He i ole e make ma ka hale, a ma ke hoa o F. N. Falkovskogo. Make ana September 12, 1919. He Ua kanuʻiaʻo ia i loko o Marioka. Naʻe, i ka makahiki 1956 ka mea, hua mai la i ka reburial o na kino ma ka "Literatorskie jetty" - wahi ma ka Volkov ilina ma Leningrad. Mamo mea kākau e noho ana i loko o Paris, Amerika, a me kekahi - ma Moscow, e hoʻi i ka mea makemake, e kōkua Kliment Voroshilov.