Life a me ka hana o Ostrovsky. Nāʻanuʻu a me nā hiʻona o kaʻike hoʻokumu Ostrovsky

Aleksandr Nikolaevich Ostrovsky - ke kaulana Lūkini kākau moʻolelo a me ka playwright, ua he nui keiki ma luna o ka ulu o ka aina hale kiaka. He hana i ka hou kulaʻoia iʻo pāʻani, a kakau iho la na mea he nui kamahaʻo hana. He 'atikala e outline i ka papa kuhikuhiE kapuai o kaʻike hoʻokumu Ostrovsky. A me ka loa nui minute o kona 'oihana.

kamaliʻi

Aleksandr Nikolaevich Ostrovsky, he Hawaii photo o i i hōʻike mai iā ia i loko o kēia 'atikala, i hānauʻia ma ka makahiki 1823, ma Maraki 31, ma Moscow, i loko o ka wahi o Malaya Ordynka. Kona makua kāne - Nikolai Fedorovich - nui i loko o ka ohana kahuna,ʻo ia puka 'o ia mai ka Moscow Theological Academy iho, naʻe, i ole mālama i loko o ka ekalesia. He lilo i ka 'aha hoʻokolokolo solicitor, komo i loko o kalepa a me ka Apana Hookolokolo mea. Nikolai Fedorovich e hoʻokele kū aʻela i ke ano o titular Kuhina, a me ka hope (i ka makahiki 1839) e kiʻi i ka hanohano. Mom wā e hiki mai playwright - Savvina Lyubov Ivanovna - i ke kaikamahine o ka sexton. Ua make iho la ia Alexander i wale ehiku makahiki. I ka ohana o na keiki eono e ulu mai Ostrowski. Nikolai Fedorovich i hana nā mea a pau i na keiki ulu i loko o ka pomaikai, a me ka kohu kūpono ka naauao. A mau makahiki ma hope o Lyubov make oia i mare hou. hoomaka ae la kana wahine i Emilia Andreevna kāʻei kua Ticino, baroness, ke kaikamahine a Kuekene aliÿi. Keiki, ua nui laki i koʻu stepmother:ʻo ia ua hiki ke 'imi i kokoke iā ia, a hoomau iho la oia e komo i loko o kā lākou hoʻonaʻauao.

wa opiopio

Aleksandr Nikolaevich Ostrovsky lilo i kona wā kamaliʻi i loko o ka naʻau o Zamoskvorechye. Kona makua kāne i ka loa maikai waihona, mahalo no i ke keiki i ike i ka moʻokalaleo o Lūkini moʻolelo, a manao ka penchant no ke kākau 'ana. Naʻe, i ka makua kāne i ke keiki wale nō ke kakaolelo. No laila, i ka 1835, i hoouna aku ai i ke kula First Moscow Alexander, ma hope o ke aʻo 'ana ia i kekahi haumāna ma Moscow University. Eia naʻe, e loaa i ke kānāwai ka papahelu mai Ostrovsky i ole holomua. He hakaka me ke kumu a me ka haʻalele i ke kulanui. Ma ka'ōlelo aʻo o Alexander ka makua kāne i hele ai, e lawelawe i loko o ka pā hale kakauolelo a me ka hana ana ma keia oihana no kekahi mau makahiki.

peni hoʻokolohua

Akā, Alexander i i haʻalele ho'āʻo e hoao hoi ia ia iho i loko o ka palapala, ai 'kula. Ma kana mau hana keaka mua ia i paʻa accusatory, "pono a me ka pilina" ao ao. Ka mua hana o Ostrovsky i paʻiʻia ma ka hou Edition, "Moscow City Gazette", i ka 1847. O lakou na sketches no ka Comedy "lilo i ka aie" a me ka (essay) "Notes Zamoskvoreche noho." Ma lalo o ka puke 'o ia hoʻi "ka palapala A. O "a me ka" D. G. "ka mea ana i kekahi Dmitry Gorev i kaumaha aku ai i ka bipi keiki playwright alu like 'ana. Ua UaʻAʻole hoʻoneʻe i kākau i kekahi o na, e hoohuli, akā, ma hope ka mea, lilo iho la no Ostrovsky kumu o ka pilikia nui. Kekahi detractors laila hoopiiia o plagiarism playwright. I ka wā e hiki mai, mai ka peni o Alexander II E e hookuu i ka hailona o nui ka hana keaka, a me ka 'Aʻoheʻaʻa ana nō e kanalua kona tālena. Next e e ho'ākāka 'ia ma ka au mamuli o ka ola a me ka hana ana o Ostrovsky. I ka papaʻaina ma lalo e systematize i ka ike.

Ka mua pomaikai

I ka i keia hana? Most kaulanaʻike hoʻokumu Ostrovsky ana ma hope o ka puke ma ka 1850 Comedy "kona kanaka - e helu!". Kēia hana, kena ae la i ka maikaʻi ka loiloi 'ia i loko o ka palapala, ai' koʻikoʻi a hanohano. Ivan Goncharov a me N. V. Gogol ka hula i ka maikaʻi helu. Naʻe, i loko o kēia barela o ka meli, a loaa he kilakila nalo, i loko o ka mea poni. Influential Moscow poʻe kālepa, resentful o ka papa hoʻopiʻi pinepine ia ma luna oihana ma ka kāʻeʻaʻeʻa dramatist. Ka hula Ua koke banned i loko o ka hoʻomanaʻo, i kipaku ka mea kākau mai ka oihana, a waiho ma lalo o ke kanana 'makai hoʻomakākiu. A i hiki mai ma luna o ka pilikino kauoha o Emperor Rotehama ka First. Hooponopono Ua hoopau wale nō ma hope o pii aku i ka noho aliʻi, Emperor Alexander II. A Comedy hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni hoolohe ana i ike wale i ka 1861, ma hope o ka punohu ana o ka pāpā ma luna o kona hoʻomanaʻo.

i kakahiaka nui hana keaka

Kakahiaka nui i na hana e A. N. Ostrovskogo i haʻalele unattended, hana i paʻiʻiaʻano nui i loko o "Moskvityanin" Magazine. Playwright 'Imi hana pū' ana me keia paiia, a me ka manaʻo kiʻiʻoniʻoni a me ka hoʻoponopono ma 1850-1851 makahiki. Ma lalo o ka aoao o "opiopio Hoʻoponopono lāʻau" Magazine, a me ka papa kuhikuhiE ideologist o keia a puni, AA Grigoriev, Alexander kākau ihola i ka hula "ilihune mea i hewa," "noho i loko o kou mau maa aku ai i", "noho mai me oe makemake makemake ia." Halaman o kaʻike hoʻokumu Ostrovsky i loko o kēia wā - ka idealization o patriarchal Lūkini kahiko aoao, a me ka mooolelo. Mau e hoʻolaha i iki hāmauʻana accusatory pathos o ka mea kākau moʻolelo. Naʻe, i loko o nā hana o kēia pōʻaiapuni ua mahuahua ka hana keaka akamai pū nō hoʻi o Alexander Nikolayevich. ua lilo kaulana a me ka mahalo i kana mau hana keaka.

Alu like 'ana me ka "Contemporary"

E hoʻomaka ana mai ka MH 1853, i ka wā o kanakolu makahiki, Alexander Nikolayevich Radio kēlā me kēia manawa e hōʻike 'ia ma ka mały (ma Moscow) a me ka Alexandrinsky (i loko o St. Petersburg) hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni. Mai 1856, e mau uhi Ostrovsky i ka hana i loko o ka puke pai "Contemporary" (paiia hana). Iloko o ka nohona upheaval i loko o ke aupuni (ma mua o ka abolition o serfdom i ka 1861), ka mea kākau moʻolelo o ka hana hookahi hou lilo accusatory lihi. I ka hula "Ma ka'ēʻahaʻaina hangover" o ka mea kākau moʻolelo i hana i kilakila kiʻi Bruskova Tito Titych, a hookomo i ka ino a me ka pouli ikaika o ka wahi lulu despotism. Eia no ka manawa mua puhi i ka hua'ōlelo "Wiliama", koho hope no ka mea a pau gale o huapalapala Ostrovsky. Ma ka Comedy "A waiwai Post" lilo i ka kūmau henehene iho la lakou prodazhnichestvo ke kula. Hana keaka "ka haumāna" i kekahi keakea e ola ana i ka hanaʻino i ke kanaka. It E e ho'ākāka 'ia ma lalo nei, a me ka' ē aʻe u Ostrowski nō. Akā, i ka luna e piʻi like o kēia wā o kona mau palapala, ai 'ha awina i ke kaiapili-manaʻoʻike hana keaka "Thunderstorm".

"Ka ino"

Ma keia play, "BYTOVIK" Ostrovsky pena hookananuha lewa o ka moku'āina kulanakauhale a me kona hookamani, brutality, ka unquestioned mana "kula kiʻekiʻe '" a me ka waiwai. Ke Akä naÿe ma waena o ka imperfect ao o kanaka Alexander ho ka pīhoihoi kiʻi o ka Volga ano. Ke kiʻi o Ana fanned māinoino o ka maikai a me ka 'aka kaʻume. Thunderstorm nô kêia ka uhane hilahila o ka heroine, a ma ka mea ia manawa ho i ke kaumaha o ka makau, ma lalo i ano o kanaka e noho paʻa. Ke aupuni o ka makapo hoolohe, e erode ma Ostrovsky, mau koa: he pono ole ke aloha, ka mea i hai ia ma ka hula Kuligin a me ka maʻemaʻe uhane Katerina. I kona "Ray o ka malamalama i loko o ka pouli" Dob manaʻo kiʻiʻoniʻoni ka hoohalike ana i ke kiʻi o ka papa kuhikuhiE ano like me ka hōʻailona o ke keakea hohonu, ke kiʻekiʻe o kaʻoihana i loko o ka aina.

Ma keia hula soared i ka unattainable kiekieʻike hoʻokumu Ostrovsky. "Ka ino" Alexander Nikolayevich i ka loa a me kaulana koʻi kaua i mea Lūkini playwright.

mōʻaukala kumu

Ma ka lua o ka hapalua o na 1860s, Alexander hoomaka ae la e noiʻi i ka mōʻaukala o ka Time o ka pilikia. Hoomaka ae la oia e hoʻopili like ia me na punawai-ike kakaolelo a me ka nohona activist Nikolai Ivanovich Kostomarov. Ma muli ma ka hoʻopaʻa 'ana o kumu o ka mea playwright mea i hanaia ma ka moʻo o ka mōʻaukala hana: "Dmitry ka Pretender a me Vasily Shumsky," "Kozma Minin Zaharich-Sukhoruk", "Tushino". Pilikia o Russian mōʻaukala i depicted Ostrowski ke akamai nui, a reliably.

nā hana keaka

Alexander ua nō kupaʻa i kona mau punahele kumuhana. Ma ka 1860s i palapala i ka helu o ka "maʻamau o" dramas a me ka hana keaka. I waena o lākou: "me ke kaumaha, Na", "Aion", "Jokers". Mau hana loaa, ua loaʻa, akä, kākau moʻolelo. Mai ka hopena o 1860s hana Ostrovskogo uaʻike piʻi i ka wā o kaʻeleu? Acaeoey. Ma kona hana keaka ikea nā kiʻi a me nā Halaman o ka "hou" ka pukaʻana mai o ka mihi o Rusia: Dealers, purchasers, lālā patriarchal moneybags a "Europeanized" poʻe kālepa. Alexander i hana i ka maikaʻi loa moʻo o satirical comedies, dispels ka illusion o kia-mihi kanaka, "Easy Dala," "Hot Heart", "Koʻolauloa a me Sheep", "Forest". Pono maikaʻi playwright e maemae uhane, hanohano kanaka: Paracha o ka "mehana naau" Aksyusha o "nahele". Ostrovsky e hoohalike ai i ke ano o ke ola, ka pomaikai a me ka hana hookomo ia ma ka hula "Hana Lima hu ole". Kokoke a pau na hana o Alexander II, kākau i loko o 1870, paʻiʻia ma "Notes o ka Fatherland".

"Snow wahine"

Ke ano o keia pauku o ka hula ua loa huikau. Small hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni i ka makahiki 1873, ua paa ia no ka hoʻoponopono 'ana. Kona nā mea hana keaka neʻe i loko o ka hale o ke Bolshoi Kino. Ma keia manao, ke Komisina ma ka Moscow imperial hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni Management hoʻoholo e hana i kekahi hōʻike i loko a ekolu o ka troupe e e ho ohana ana: keaka mele, Ballet a me ka hana keaka. E kakau iho i ka like apana i Aleksandr Nikolaevich Ostrovsky. "Snow wahine" i kākauʻia e ka playwright i loko o ka loa pōkole wā o ka manawa. Ke kumu no ka mea kākau i ka moʻolelo o ka Lūkini kanaka moʻolelo. Oiai e hana ana ma ka play,ʻo ia pono wae i nā Ana o poetry, kukakuka me archeologists, moʻolelo, haumana o ka hoʻokumu. Music haku no ka hula o ka opiopio P. I. Chaykovsky. ka hula Kuhina Nui i ka makahiki 1873, ma 11 May, ma ke kahua o ka Bolshoi Kino. K. S. Stanislavsky i olelo mai ai o "Snow kaikamahine" like me ka poʻe hoʻokalakupua moʻolelo, ka moe, hai aku la ia ma ka leo nui a me ka nani poetry. I mai la ia ia i ka Ouji a me BYTOVIK Ostrovsky i kākau i kēia hula me ina a laila,ʻaʻohe kuala, koe wale no ka maemae a me ka Awaits poetry.

Hana i loko o nā makahiki,

I loko o kēia wā, Ostrovsky kākau ihola i kaʻiʻo nohona a me ka manaʻoʻike Comedy a me ka hana keaka. Ka mea, e hai aku ana i ka lono kaumaha hopena o ka maalea pono o ka mohai anei nā wāhine i loko o ka cynical a me ka hoʻoponopono '-hoihoi honua, "talena a me Admirers", "wahine mare". Eia ka playwright hoʻomohala hou 'ana i kūpono o ka moʻolelo keaka wale olelo, mua mai i ka hana Antona Chehova. Ka hoopakele ana i ke ano o kona hana keaka, Alexander imi iho la e hoʻomaopopo "akamai ke olonā i Comedy" "lilo o ka paio" meʻe.

foxmike hana

I ka 1866, Alexander hoʻokumu i ke kaulana noʻeau Circle. He a laila hāʻawi maila i ka Moscow ke kahua nui loea nā mea hana keaka. E kipa Ostrovsky DV Grigorovich, Ivan Goncharov, I. S. Turgenev, P. M. Sadovsky, AF Pisemsky, G. N. Fedotova, M. E. Ermolova, P. I. Chaykovsky , L. N. Tolstoy, ME Saltykov-Shchedrin, IE Turchaninov.

I ka 1874 ka mea i hanaia i ka Society o Lūkini mea kākau a me ka hana keaka keaka mele i ka haku mele i loko o Rusia. Ahahui Luna hoomalu Aleksandr Nikolaevich Ostrovsky i wae. Photos o kaulana lehulehu huahelu iʻikeʻia i nā kānana o ka hana noʻeau i loko o Rusia. Ka Reformer ua kokoke ka ho'āʻo pono i ka hale kiaka hooponopono kanawai i hooponopono hou i loko o ka lokomaikai o ka Artists, a pela me ka nui loa hoʻoikaika 'ana i ko lākou kālā a me ka nohona kūlana.

I ka 1885, ua hoonohoia Alexander ke poo o ka hapa o ka repertoire hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni ma Moscow , a lilo iho la ia i ke poo o ka hana keaka kula.

Kino Ostrovsky

Aleksandra Ostrovskogoʻike hoʻokumu ua inextricably ua hoʻopili i ke kahua o ka Lūkini keaka i loko o kona kēia ano. Playwright a me ka mea kākau i kauoha aku e hana i kona iho keaka kula, a me ka pau manaʻo o kekahi kūikawā staging o moʻolelo keaka wale hana.

Hiʻona o kaʻike hoʻokumu Ostrovsky hale kiaka i ka nele o ka eea hanaʻiʻo akula nō 'ano a me ka loa wahi, i hiki ma ka hula' ana. Ma na hana o Alexander Nikolayevich ana mau hanana me ka maʻamau kanaka.

I ka papa kuhikuhiE manaʻo o ka hoʻoponoʻia:

• hale kiaka E e nānā 'ana i ka Aha-elele (hoikeʻike makaʻole "ha o ka pa" e hoʻokaʻawale na nā kanaka mākaʻikaʻi mai na nā mea hana keaka);
• ka wā o ka holo ana o ka hula ana, e ole e ma luna o ka luawai-ike Mea Keaka, a ma luna o ke kime maopopo kēlā me kēia 'ē aʻe' o Puʻohala;
• immutability ana nā mea hana keaka i ka'ōlelo: olelo ano e hōʻike aku i ka aneane e pau loa o nā huapalapala poe ma o ka hula;
• kanaka e hele mai i ka hale kiaka, e kiai i ka holoholona hihiu o nā mea hana keaka,ʻaʻole ma ka mea no ka ike lea i ka hula - ka mea, hiki ke heluhelu ia ma ka hale.

I ka manaʻo nui i hele mai me ka mea kākau Ostrovskiy Aleksandr Nikolaevich, Ua a laila Hoʻololi 'M. A. Bulgakovym a me K. S. Stanislavskim.

Personal ola

Personal ola o ka playwright ua i emi hana hoihoi ma mua o kāna mau palapala, ai 'hana. Ma ka kivila hoao ana me ka mea haʻahaʻa waena papa wahine, ua noho iho la no ka aneane iwakalua makahiki Ostrovskiy Aleksandr Nikolaevich. Mea kūʻiʻo hoihoi a me nā mea kiko'ī o ka Launa Male pilina o ka mea kākau moʻolelo a me kana wahine mua nō ka naita noiʻi.

I ka 1847, ma St. Rotehama Vorobinovskom alley aʻe a hiki i ka hale, kahi āna i noho Ostrovsky,ʻo ia i noho ai me kona poe he umikumamakolu makahiki kahiko kaikuwahine, he kaikamahine - Agafya Ivanovna. Ua loaʻa i ka 'ohana,ʻaʻohe hoa. No kekahi ike ma kona huiʻana me Aleksandrom Nikolaevichem. Eia naʻe, ma ka makahiki 1848, i ke keiki kāne, Alex ke keiki kanaka. No ka keiki-hānai kapu no keia mea, i ole, no laila, i ke keiki i kau manawa i loko o ka orphanage. Ostrowski ka makua kāne ua ai i huhu i kana keiki hoolei ole wale i ka 'ihiʻihi kulanui, akā, i pili i ka mea haʻahaʻa waena papa wahine e noho ana i loko o ke kaiāulu.

Eia naʻe, Alexander hōʻike naueue ole, a, i ka wa a kona makua kāne a me ka stepmother hele aku la i ka nei kuai waiwai Shchelykovo ma Kostroma mokuna, i noho ai me Agafya Ivanovna i loko o ka hale laau.

Mea kākau a me ka ethnographer SV Maksimov haole kapa kana wahine mua Ostrovsky "Martha Kiaaina ka Wahine," no ka mea, ua kokoke ia i ka mea kākau moʻolelo ma ka manawa o ka loa a me ka ilihune loa deprivation. Ostrovsky makamaka Agafia Ivanovna wehewehe aku i ke kanaka ma ke ano maoli ka nui akamai a me ka naau. He kupaianahaʻike i nāʻano a me ka aoao o ke kalepa ola, a i ka piha ole i ka hana o Ostrovsky. Alexander pinepine, kukakuka ae la me ia e pili ana i ka hoʻokumuʻiaʻana o kā lākou mau hana. Eia hou kekahi, Agafya Ivanovna ua he kupanaha a me ka maʻi o nā malihini. Akā, he oihana mare ana me kona Ostrovsky i hoopuka ia a hiki ma hope o ka make ana o kona makuakane. Nā keiki i hanau ma keia hoao ana, make loa opiopio, wale ka, Alex, iki ua hoano e makuwahine keiki mua a pau.

Over manawa, Ostrovsky i nā hana hoʻonanea. He ua passionately i loko o ke aloha me Lyubov Pavlovnu Kositsky-Nikulin, ka mea hoʻokani Ana ma ka Ka Mua o ka "makani ino," i ka 1859. Soon, akā naʻe, ua kekahi 'aoʻao pilikinoʻoluʻolu o: ka mea hana keaka kiola i playwright no ka waiwai kalepa.

A laila, Alexander Nikolayevich ua kamaʻilio me nā'ōpio artist Vasilyeva-Bakhmetʻeva. Agafya Ivanovna ike e pili ana ia, akā, bravely hānau maila ia i kona kea, a e hoʻokele i ka malama i pakiko-manao Ostrovsky. Ua make i ka 1867, ma Maraki 6, ma hope o ka lōʻihi maʻi. Alexander i haʻalele i kona wahi moe, a me ka loa hopena. Ka ilina o ka mua wahine Ostrovsky IKE OLE IA.

Mau makahiki ma hope, ua mare i ka playwright-Bakhmetʻeva Vasilyeva, ka mea i hanau mai ia ia mau kaikamāhine a me nā keiki kāneʻehā. Me keia wahine Alexander noho ai a hiki i kona make ana.

mea kākau moʻolelo, ka Make

Ke Makamae nohona a me ka makakū hana hiki ole pili i ke ola o ka mea kākau moʻolelo. Eia hoi, mamua o ka ohi maikai o ka hana keaka a me ka makahiki hoomau o $ 3 tausani, dala Alexander Nikolayevich mau nele. Hooweliweliʻano loaʻa hopohopo, ultimately i hele pu ole i ke kino o ka mea kākau moʻolelo. I ka 1886, 2 June, ka mea kākau moʻolelo make i loko o kona waiwai kokoke Kostroma Shchelykovo. Emperor Alexander III haawi hoʻolewa playwright 3000 rubles. Eia hou, i ka wahine kāne make o ka mea kākau moʻolelo,ʻo ia i kauoha mai ai i ka hoomau ana i ka nui o 3 tausani rubles, a ma o ka hoʻonaʻauao 'ia' ana o na keiki Ostrowski - a hiki 2400 rubles o ka makahiki.

chronology

Life a me kaʻike hoʻokumu Ostrovsky hiki ke pokole hōʻike i loko o ka chronological papaʻaina.

ua piha o ke ola a me kaʻike hoʻokumu Ostrovsky ia mau hanana. Table a e hōʻike ana i ka nui hana 'ia i loko o ke ola o ka mea kākau, e kōkua i ka aho maopopo i kona Kawaihae. Hana keaka hoʻoilina o Alexander Nikolayevich overemphasized. Little Kino i ka wā o ka nui artist ka ola, hele mai ia e kapaia "wahi Ostrovsky," a me ka mea, wahi a ka hailona. ʻike hoʻokumu Ostrovsky, he manawa pōkole ano o ka i waiho mai i loko o keia 'atikala, ia mea pono e noiʻi i ia i loko o au mamuli.