Munich 'aelike

ua hōʻike hewa, Munich 'aelike Ua hiki ke kapaia kekahi o ka loa kaumaha kuwaho hewa o na 1930s. He He kalaiaina berita, a ala ae la me kaʻae like hoʻokuʻu ma kahai, i kohoia e ka'āinaʻEulopa o Nazi Kelemānia, e ho'āʻo e mālama i kona militancy, akā, alakaʻi i ka outbreak o ka Apana World War.

Ma hope o ka'opi a me ka paku o ka Austro-Hunakalia aupuni a pau, mai ka 1918 a hiki i 1938 oi aku mamua o ekolu miliona lāhui kēia kanaka Kelemānia ua ma luna o ka mokuna o ka hou moku'āina o Czechoslovakia, e moe i ka palena o ka mōʻaukala aina o Bohemia Kingdom. Ka mea, i kia ma ka Sudetenland. E like me ia Natalia Lebedeva, he kākau moʻolelo o ka Russian Academy o Sciences, a me ka iwakalua pakeneka o Czechoslovakia mea Kelemānia.

Sudeten German alakaʻi Konrad Henlein hoʻokumu i ka Sudeten German aoao, a malama ia me he lālā o ka Nazi Party a me ka hana wale n? I loko o ka pono o Germany. I ka makahiki 1935, ka mea, o ka lua o ka nui loa kālai'āina aoao ma Czechoslovakia. Mahope o ka Anschluss (unification me Kelemania) o Austria, March 28, 1938 halawai Henlein me Hitler ma Pelelina, kahi āna i kauoha ia e hoala mai i ka pono a hiki i ke Aupuni Czechoslovak,ʻikeʻia me ka Carlsbad polokalamu. Mawaena o na koi - like nā pono kīvila a me ka Czechs a kū kaʻawale no kēia kanaka Kelemānia e noho ana i loko o Czechoslovakia. Inā ua makaukau e e concessions nui ma ka manao o ka German 'ê i ka Aupuni Czechoslovak, i ka ninau o ke kū kaʻawale ua unacceptable.

Na mea kuka o Hitler ma hope o ka hoʻohui'āina o Austria ka mea e hiki mai ana ka anu u ua i ka naʻi aupuni o Czechoslovakia a me ka paa ana o ka oi aku Germany. Ma May 1938 ia la ia mea i ka hana o Czechoslovakia i ka oiaio o ke kahe no Germany. Ma May 20, Ua hooku iho la ia Hitler kona mau pūkaua nui? Aiaiiuie pāhana i ka hoouka ma Czechoslovakia, codenamed hana "Grün". Ma ka huna kauoha i kakauinoaia e Hitler, he mau lā ma hope, ka mea, i mai la ia, e hoʻomaka i ke kaua ku e Czechoslovakia i hope ma mua o 1 October.

Ke Czechoslovak aupuni, ua manaolana i Farani, a me ka poe ana i komo aku i loko o kekahi kuikahi, e hele mai i ka hoʻopakeleʻana i loko o ka hanana o ke Kelemānia kaua. Ka Soviet Union kekahi i kekahi 'aelike me Czechoslovakia, e hoike ana i ka makemake no ke kōkua' ana me Farani a me Beritania Nui. Naʻe, i ka Loaʻaʻia lawelawe o ka Soviet Union i ua AOON ma ka hoʻoponopono ulia. Adolf Hitler hoomaopopo ia Beritania, a me Palani i makemake i ke kaua, akā, ka mea, e olelo lealea, e imi, e hui pu iho la me ka Soviet Union, he totalitarian nenoaiu o i kēia mau'āina inaina e oi ma mua o Hitler ka fascist dictatorship.

Paha ma ia kahua iho, Czechoslovakia, a i ka poʻe koa ikaika, ina e hiki, e hoopaa hou i ka hoouka ana o Hitler ka poe koa. Ke Soviet Union, i kulike ai me ka berita o ka makahiki 1935, ua kakauia na inoa ma waena o nā aupuni elua, hiki ke kōkua i Czechoslovakia wale nō i loko o ka hanana e ia no i koe hooholo ia Farani.

September 18 Ikalia Duce Benito Mussolini i ka'ōlelo i loko o Trieste, kahi i mai la ia Italy kākoʻo i ka he ulia ma Germany.

Pelekāne Kuhina Nui Kuhina Neville Chamberlain, ka mea i ka poʻe kākoʻo iā ia no ke kulekele o ke hoʻoponopono nā luna kānāwai i ka aggressor, ua manao like ia paha, i mea e pale aku kaua. He i nā huakaʻi hele i ka Hawaii, me ke kuka mau ana me ka Czechoslovak alakaʻi, Hitler i kaumaha aku ai 'ano kūpono, akā, no ka Fuehrer i pepa koi, Hoopaa loa ana i ke kuleana o ka lāhui i kēia kanaka Kelemānia ma Poland, a Hungary e hoi e maona.

September 24, e olelo ana ma ka Sports Palace ma Pelelina, Hitler i loko o kona leo i Czechoslovakia mua September 28, e hoohui i ka Sudetenland, i ole ia Kelemania hele aku i ke kaua.

Czechoslovakia hoomaka ae la e mobilize kona koa. Ka Soviet Union hai kona mākaukau e hele mai i ke kokua ana o Czechoslovakia. Eia naʻe, Pelekikena Benes o Czechoslovakia Edvar hoole i ka hele i ke kaua me ke kākoʻo mai o Western mana.

Neville Chamberlain a me Palani Kuhina Nui Kuhina Eduard Delade huakaʻi hele i Munich, e pane i Hitler mau koi.

Benito Mussolini kaumaha Hitler i kekahi ala e hoʻoponopono i ka pilikia: e hoopaa i kekahi hālāwai kūkā me nā luna o nā'āina eha (UK, France, Italy, Germany), Ma waho aʻeo ka Czechoslovakia a me ka Soviet Union, e hoomahuahua i ka manawa kūpono e hiki i ka berita, a me ke olonā wāwae i ke kūpaʻa i paha i ua ole i loko o ka lokomaikaʻi o Germany.

Ke kuleana halawai,ʻikeʻia me ka Munichʻaha kūkā, i wahi ma September 29-30 i loko o ka hale "Führerbau" (House o ka Fuhrer). Nā noi i formally wahahee e Mussolini, inā, e like me ka mea iʻike i kekahi mau makahiki ma hope, i hoomakaukauia ma ka Kuhina o ko na Aina e no Germany ka Italia kumumanao i. Ke German pūʻali ua e noho ma ka Sudetenland ma Okatoba 10, a me ka International Komisina - e hoʻoholo i ka wā e hiki mai ana i nā controversial kulekele. Ma desperation, e pale aku i ka outbreak o ke kaua, a e imi ana, e pale aku oia i kuikahi me ka Soviet Union, Neville Chamberlain a me Edouard Daladierʻae i ka Sudetenland e hele aku i loko o Germany. I hoʻi, Hitler i'ōlelo mai ia ia e hou he pono i kekahi mau mea i loko oʻEulopa.

Ultimately, Ua formalized i ka olelo hooholo ma Germany, Pelekane, a me Palani Italy kakauinoa i ka Munich berita, ma lalo i ka mea i hooki ma ke outbreak o ke kaua, akā, hele ma ka Sudetenland, Czechoslovakia Germany. Ke Czechoslovak aupuni i haʻakoi eʻae ia. Nevill Chemberlen Eduardu Beneshu mai la ia Beritania e komo i ke kaua ma luna o ka pilikia o ka Sudetenland.

Daladier a Chamberlain hoi hale, kahi a lakou i halawai lakou me ka nui o ka uwa kanaka, hoomahaia i ka make māinoino o ke kaua i hala. Chamberlain huli i nā'ōlelo o ka lehulehu Pelekāne, i ka mea, "Ua lawe mai ka maluhia i ko makou manawa." Akā, i kana mau olelo i koke kona ho'āʻoʻia e ke koʻikoʻi politician Winston Churchill, ka poe i olelo mai ia Neville i ke koho ma waena o ke kaua a me ka mahalo ole ia, "E koho ka mahalo ole ia, a me ke kaua, e hele mai." Ke aupuni Beritania lilo i ke kākoʻo o ke aupuni Czech, a me ka Czech Army, kekahi o ka mea maikaʻi i loko o Europe, kuhikuhi mai ia Winston Churchill a me nā koʻikoʻi politician, Entoni Iden. He nui nā moʻolelo 'aelike i ka Munich olelo, ike iho la i ka papa kuhikuhiE UAOAaIOIUE mea e pale aku koa kue,ʻaneʻane make Europe i ke kaua kŘpuna.

Daladier hilahila kipi, ae like, akā, Chamberlain ua thrilled. Mamua o haalele Munich, oia i kakau inoa ia me Hitler palapala assures ia e imi i ka UK, a Germany e hoʻonā i oko ao e hōʻoia i ka maluhia i loko o ka wā e hiki mai.

I ka lā ma hope o ka hōʻailona o ka pact ka hoʻomālielie i Germany hoohuiia ka Sudetenland. Policy like Chamberlain i ua discredited ma ka aʻe makahiki.

Hope i loko o ka paku o Czechoslovakia hele no hoi e Poland, a Hungary ia i kā lākou mau ia kenekoa kuleana. 'Ōlelo i ka Munich berita, ma March 1939, Germany nohoia noho kekahi hapa o Czechoslovakia. Ke aupuni oki ia nei. September 1, 1939 Kelemania ma Poland. World War II, hoomaka ae la. Wale laila Neville Chamberlain ike i Hitler hiki ole ke hilinaʻi.

Munich aelike ua lilo synonymous me ka futility o ke kūpono o ka expansionist kulekele o totalitarian Hawaii, a hiki no nae ia mea i loko o kekahi alanui kokua mai, e kuai i manawa no allies e hoomahuahua lākou hakakā makaukau.