Owai la ka mea ike Antarctica maoli?

Ke ola ana o ka ono o ka'āinapuniʻole theoretically kanaka ike, mai ka hoomaka ana mai o ke XVI kenekulia. Ka huakaʻi Amerigo Vespuchchi 1501-1502 GG. Ua kaupaona i nā ka Polar lakikū o ka hema hemisphere, a pae ma na kapakai o ka mokupuni o South Georgia. Neʻe ia i ka laau hoʻokeleʻole anu, paa ka hau a me hummocks. Ma hope o ia, i ka mea pohihihi o Antarctica o Laielohelohe i aikane. Ma na palapala o ka'āinapuniʻole ikea lōʻihi ma mua ka mea, hehi i ka wāwae o ke kanaka, a hiki mai i ka manawa i na kanaka mua i ike ai i ka aina i uhiia e ka hau. Mua ia i manaʻo i kēia'āinapuniʻole o ka hema kihi o Lakina America a Australia, like, no kekahi laʻana, e huki mai i ka 1513 Pirireisa palapala 'āina.

Akā, Antarctica nana i wehe i ka mua? A me ka mea 'aʻole "loaa"? I ike? I hehi i uka? Au huki aʻela i ka hae? Ma kēia wā, he mea ole kona manaʻo ma. Russian manaoio i ka hanohano o ka weheʻana i ka'āinapuniʻole i ka huakaʻi o Bellingshausen a me Lazarev (January 1820), oiai ka Pelekania manaoio i Antarctica loaa Edward Bransfild (i loko o January 1820). Americans i hookoia na Pohon o ka discoverer o ka hou'āinapuniʻole Nathaniel Palmer (November 1820). A pau ekolu o kēia huakaʻi kaua, wale ike billowing i ka lani kahakai, akā, ka mea, ua i hiki ke komo a kokoke ia ia, no ka mai o ka mea nui ka hau a puni. Ka mua manaʻo no e kau i ka hae o ko lākou aupuni Farani Dumont d'Urville, akā, hana iho la oia pela, e like me ka mea huli mai, ma ka moku, akā,ʻaʻole ma luna o ka manaʻo nui o ka aina.

Na Hōlani i kā lākou'ōlelo iho i ka ninau ana o ka poe i loaa Antarctica. E like me ia ia lakou, ka mea i hoʻi luna o ka moku i ka penei wale Geeritts i ka 1559. Ma hope o ka makani ino, e wela kona huhū i loko o ka pilikia o Magellan, ka moku nalowale hui 'ana me ka squadron a me ka manaʻo kuhihewa hoouna aku la i ka hema. I ka mao ana ae, i ka Hōlani ike "kiʻekiʻe honua" a me ka hōʻike 'kā lākou mau wahi - 64 ° S. W. Eia naʻe, no ka Geeritts loa koi e ia i ka discoverer o ka'āinapuniʻole, a aole kakou i ike i kona ano ma "kiʻekiʻe honua" - ka mea, ua paha kekahi o nā mokupuni, a ua nui ma luna o ka holopapa o ka'āinapuniʻole.

Ma Ianuali 1773 Dzheyms Kuk kokoke ma luna o nā moku «Resolution» a «Honolulu» i ke 67 ° 'S. w me., kahi āna i pani ma ka hau. E ole hoʻomaha ma luna o mākou Pohon, hoi aku la oia i ke kēia mau makahiki, a hiki i 71 ° 15 'hema ka latitu, nae, e like me ia i neʻe maila i ke komohana hema o Tierra del Fuego, i ka'āinaʻo ia, aole loa i, a i ole e ike. Akā, kokoke i ka mokuna o ka pelapela a i ka loaa ana o ka moku 'Amelika "Cecilia," o ka makahiki ma hope o ka Lūkini huakaʻi i ka 1821. Akā, kanaka mai i hele i uka. Inā ka Nui, ka mea ike Antarctica ma luna awa, a meʻaneʻi loaʻa mākou i ka discordance.

Ka oihana lā o ke kanaka pae mua ma luna o ka Hawaiian a me ka holopapa hau mea i keia pohihihi hapa o ka aina ua manaoia e ia January 23, 1895. I ka hanohano, hina iho la ia mau Norwegians: o ka luna o ka moku lawaia "Antarctica" Christensen a me ka ohua Karlstenu Borhgrovinku, he kumu no maoli 'epekema. Ke kumu, ma ka mea, mamao aku mai, ke manao maopopo pīhoihoi kuleana hanalima moku luna, e huki like moku pae a me ka wai e kahakai. Aia Borhgrovink ohi pohaku Eia kekahi laʻana o ka pōhaku, a hoakakaia mea ike aku la ia i ka Ant- lichen. Akā, 'aneʻi' o ka Argentineʻepekema hoole i ka primacy o ka Norwegians, i ka i ana i ka loaʻa mai i weheia Antarctica, He mea hiki ole, no ka mea, kēia kanaka i ole koe ma hope ole palapala hoike. Archaeologists ua ikeia ma na kahakai o ka pelapela a koe o nā hale a me nā hale 'ikamu, a lā, mai ka hoomaka ana mai o ke XVIII kenekulia. E hoʻohoka whalers i ike ole ke kanaka, ua lawe i kona mea huna i ka lua kupapau.

Ka mea a ka mea, ua, i ka makaʻu o ka Lūkini huakaʻi i ka manaʻo kanaka mea C. Brewer. Bellingshausen a Lazarev palekoki i ka pelapela, a hoao iho la ia i ka mea, ua hoopuniia ma kai. Weather ma Antarctica mea ole conducive i ka paipai 'ana iʻoi: a hiki i ke kau, he mea heheʻe ka hau uhi. Ka mea, ua hoomaikai aku ia ia i ka'āinapuniʻole o ka lani kiekie loa - kona awelika kiekie o ka oi ma mua o 2 tausani mika, a me ka mea kiekie loa (Vinson Massif) - 5140 mika. Opening o Antarctica kūpono i loko o ka ole emi pīhoihoi, a risky manao no ka manaʻo kanaka, e kiʻi i ke kūkulu hema Pole. Lavra huai ae i ka loa hema wahi o ko mākou Honua no Amundsen (1911-12.).