Pehea e ho'olālā ai i ka mākaumaha kūikawā

'O kekahi waiwai he mau'ano. A'o ke kumu o nā'ano o kekahi waiwai - kaumaha, a'a'ole paha -'o ke kaumaha pono'ī, ka lakene o ka kaumaha o kekahi kino a me ka leo e noho'ia e kēia kino. Hō'ike kēia hō'ike ma ka ho'ohālikelika mechanical o ka mea. Ma o ia lā e ho'ololi ai mākou i ka mana o ka mana'o. 'O ka mea nui no mākou'a'ole he amorphous nui loa, e ho'ā'o nei no ka waenakonu o ka umekaumaha. 'O kŰia hi'ohi'ona - ka lā -'o kona kino a pau he'oko'a i ke kaumaha pono'ī (pehea e ho'olālā ai i ka'umekaumaha - ma lalo iho), no ka mea, iā lākou ke kaumaha a me ka leo. Inā e lawe mākou i ka Honua a me nā pūpū (kahi li'ili'i, wai hau, ka lewa) ma kahi ka'awale, e'ike'ia he'ano loiloi ko lākou'ano pono'ī, he'ano like'ole.

Pēlā like, nā kaumaha o nā mea pilikino ho'okahi ke kaumaha, akā ho'okahi wale nō ho'okahi. He hō'ailona kēia o ka'umekau kūpono. Ma ke ala, he mau mea wale nō kahi hiki ke pani'ia ma ke'ano ma'amau, a'o nā mea hana'ē a'e, ma ke'ano he kūpono, e kūpa'a a halihali i ka inoa o kahi mea li'ili'i. Aia ma kahi'oi o ko mākou Honua ma mua o ka'elima haneli,'o kēlā me kēia me kona kalamaha. Pehea e hoʻomaulia i ka like ana o ka? A laila, hiki anei ke hana?

'Oia'i'o. I kēia manawa, a no'ono'o i ka helu'ana i ka kaumaha kaumaha. He maika'i ke hana i kēia ma nā hi'ohi'ona kūpono, i ma'alahi ka'ike.

1. No ka la'ana,'o'oe ke po'o o ka hale kū'ai lā'au a makemake'oe e'ike i ka helu'ana i ke kaumaha o ka kū'ai'ana i nā waiwai kūikawā a i'ole nā mea hana i kēia hihia. Pono e'ike'ia: ka nui o ke kū'ai'ana i kahi huahana a me ka nui o nā puke. Inā e loa'a iā mākou: kahi huahana - he papa, loa'a - 15500 (rub), kahi kaumaha - 81.6%; 'Oihana'ano - ka lā'au, loa'a - 30000 (rub), kahi kaumaha 15.8%; 'Ohua huahana - kākeke, kālā loa'a - 190000 (rub), kaupaona pololei 2.6%. Ka hō'ulu'ulu kālā: ka loa'a - 190,000, a me ke kaumaha pono'ī (total), i kēlā me kēia, 100%. Pehea e ho'omaulia ai i ke kaumaha o ka papa? Māhele mākou i 155,000 ma 190,000 a ho'onui'ia e ho'okahi haneli. Loa'a iā mākou 81.6%. 'O kēia ke kaumaha nui o ka papa.

2. Pehea e ho omaulia ai i ka umekaumaha o kekahi mea?

'O ke kaumaha ma'amau no kekahi kumu i pinepine pinepine'ia me ka nui,'oiai ke'ano like'ole nā mana'o. 'A'ole e pili ka mākau kalakau i nā'ano physicochemical a'ano like'ole i ka māmā, e like me ke kaumaha, ma ke kaupaona.

2.1.) Neneha - ka lakio o ka mass i ka leo, a me ka'ilikaumaha kūikawā - ka lakene o ka kaumaha i ka leo, hiki ke ho'onohonoho'ia kēia kulekele penei: γ = mg / V. A inā'o ka māmā ka lihi o ka nui o ke kino i hā'awi'ia i ka leo o kēia kino, a laila kākau mākou i ke'ano no ka huli'ana i ka'umekaumaha ma'amau, ma kēia'ano: γ = ρg.

2.2.) Inā makemake'ia, hiki iā'oe ke'ike i ka'umekaumaha ma o ka leo a me ka nui, ai'ole ma ke'ano ho'okolohua, ma ka ho'ohālike'ana i nā kumukū'ai. Maanei, e ho'ohana'ia ka equation hydrostatics: P = Po + γh. Akā, pili kēia kulekele wale nō i ka hihia ke'ike'ia nā mea i helu'ia a pau me ka'ole. Ma kēia hihia, e lilo ke kumukū'ai no ka huli'ana i ka kaumaha nui e like me kēia: γ = P-Po / h. Ke ho'ohana'ia nei kēia'ano hoohalike e wehewehe i nā moku e pili ana me kā lākou hana. Ma ke kumu o ka manaʻikepili mea maikaʻi ka hopena: kēlā me kēia waiwai i loko o ka ipu ike pü, e i kona mau wahi kiʻekiʻe a me kona uku iho o pālahalaha ma na paia o ka moku ma i keia waiwai nei.

2.3.) No ka helu'ana (helu helu) i ka'umekau kūpono, hiki iā mākou ke ho'ohana hou i ho'okahi kumuhana (ikaika o Archimedes). Ke ho'omana'o nei'oe i nā ha'awina a'o kula ma ka'ikekīka? Malia paha, he mau wahi wale nō e pane aku i ka pane. Nolaila, ua hoomaha mai oe i ka hoomanao ana: ka Archimedes ikaika silyl buoyancy. E'ōlelo mākou he waiwai kā mākou me ka mea nui (e koho mākou i kēia ukana'o "m"), e mālama mau ana i ka wai. Ma keia wahi, i ka haawe loli i ka mau koa, o ka mua - ka ikaika o ka umekaumaha, a me ka lua o ka - Archimedes (buoyancy koa, a me ke kuhikuhi ana o ka maʻi lele e e inversely mg). Ma ka haʻilula, ka ikaika o Archimedes nana me keia: Fapx = ρgV. Ke'ike nei e pili ana'o ka pHg i ka kaupaona ma'amau, loa'a iā mākou ka hoohalike penei: Fapx = yV, a mai kēia mea e loa'a iā mākou: y = Fapx / V.

He pilikia anei? A laila ho'ohālikelike: no ka helu'ana i ka'umekaumaha ma'amau, e māhele i ke kaumaha i ka nui.