Pōkole Kawaihae Ivana Fedorova - paionia, no nā mākua a me nā keiki i kākau

I kēia lā, ua lilo mākou commonplace paʻi puke - puke, Hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo puke, nūpepa. Ka mea, i inexpensive, e kaiāulu loaʻa, i ka ke kumu ka e pili ana i ia mea pinepine disrespectful a me ka nānā aku. A me kekahi manawa, o ka puke ua oi pipiʻi ma mua o ke gula, i ko lākou waiwai wale ka nui loa kona waiwai. Ka hanaia'na o ka hookahi puke kana a he nui na makahiki, i kekahi manawa makahiki. Ua ua i ka pilikia a me ka painstaking manuale hana, a me ka pono, e ia i ke kākau'ōlelo i noʻonoʻo i ka pono, i hiki kiʻi ole a pau.

Ma Europa, mea hoomaka e hoʻololi i ka hapalua like-15th kenekulia, i ka wa a ka Kelemānia Johann Gutenberg invented ke pai paʻi. Ma Rusia, ka mua pai ana e kaomi ma luna o nā kauoha Ioanna Groznogo i ka 1563 kūkulu Ivan Fedorov. He aha e, ua ike no ia i keia la? Pōkole Kawaihae Ivana Fedorova - paionia, no nā keiki a me nā mākua loa hana hoihoi e ia. Ua Ua hōʻike mai iā ia ma lalo nei.

me Kinohi

No ka mai i kekahi mau moʻolelo i ka la a me ka wahi o ka hānau Ivana Fedorova, i kona kuauhau. Ua Ua manaoio, nae, i ka mea i hānau i loko o Moscow, henehene ma waena o nā makahiki 1510 a me ka 1530, no i ka mea kahiko Hawaiian Ragozina. He nui noiʻi paionia ola koi aku i ka mea i hānau i loko o 1510 ma ka Kaluga mokuna.

omaka Kawaihae

Ua ua ike ia Ivan Fedorov aʻo ma ke Kulanui o Cracow 1529 no ka 1532, a loaa ka kēkelē ka degere. Keia mooolelo ua malamaia ma ke Kulanui palapala. Paha ka mea, ua iʻaneʻi i ka mea i lohe ai e pili ana i ka typography mua.

Back i loko o ke kapikala, i ke kanaka opiopio hui i ka Ekalesia o St. Rotehama Gostunskii. Hoʻonaʻauao, pono-heluhelu, pono-i nā, hele mai la ia ma lalo o ka patronage o Kauhalenui Macarius. Ka hope ua kokoke ia Tsar Ivan ka weliweli, a me ka mea hoʻoneʻe 'ia paha e ka mea, i ka mea nana aaeaaaaony e mai i pono ai i ka hanaia'na o ka mua mīkini paʻi i loko o Rusia hiki ia kanaka opiopio.

Ke kukulu o ka mea mua Lūkini pai ka hale

Pōkole Kawaihae Ivana Fedorova - paionia, no nā keiki a me nā mākua hōʻike nui ka mea. I ka 1550, ola Fedorov i ka ho'āʻo 'ana e. By mea o Ioanna Groznogo oia i aoia mai i ka hoonohonoho pai. Ee i ka papakaukau ana ma ka mea o ka mua Lūkini pai. Ua kupaʻa kōkua paionia i loko o ka pilikia hana lilo Peter Mstislavets a me Marusha Nerefev. Nā hana i pau wale i ka 1563.

"Ka lunaolelo" a me ka "pule"

April 17, 1563 i ka haku ka hoʻomaka 'ana e hana i ka mua puke "Ka lunaolelo." Ua pau Ua aneane he makahiki. Ka oihana ka lā o kona puke ua manaoia e ia March 1, 1564.

Kekahi manawa pōkole Kawaihae o Ivan Fedorov - paionia, no ka poe mamo a no nā mākua, e kākau, eʻoiaʻiʻo, e hōʻike i kēia puke, akā, misses ia mau hana hoihoi kūʻiʻo:

• puke he 268 a lahilahi, a i 262 i heluʻia;
• Ua Ua hookuu ia i loko o ka Old Slavonic'ōlelo;
• ka paʻi palapala hoʻohana 'ula a me ka eleele, me ka ulaula paiia ka inoa o na mokuna;
• i ka palapala mua i loko o ka hoʻomaka o kēlā hou mokuna i kākauʻia ma ka lima ma Artists;
• Kēlā mokuna i ua hoonaniia nani Floral kāhiko handmade;
• huina pau holo o "lunaolelo" ua 1,000 kope, o ka i 47 wale ola.

I ka 1565, elua a paʻi Ua hoʻokuʻuʻia ka lua o ka puke - ". Pule" O ka 345 kope e ua holo 7 wale.

holo ana

Next, he manawa pōkole Kawaihae o Ivan Fedorov - paionia, no nā keiki a me nā mākua, e kākau, i ka mea, he e hee aku mai o Moscow'ōlelo mai iā mākou. Aia he mau kumu:

• e paionia kaua kiekie malamalama no ka makau i makemake e heluhelu a me ke kākau puke pai ole i na makaainana a me ka hoʻonaʻauao kanaka mea nui hou ole i ka hana;
• Ka mea, ua hauʻoli me ka poe kakauolelo i loko o monasteries, ka mea maoli nalowale kā lākou berena;
• clergy kūkala diabolō hana mea hou i hana muaʻole o ka hale pai.

Pahu aku ai i ke pakele ai i puhi hale i ka 1566, i kūpono i loko o ka mīkini paʻi mua Ivan Fedorov lilo aneane pau hooilina a pau. He hele aku la i Lithuania.

Lituania manawa

Grand Duchy o Lithuania i hoʻokipa paiia hana gula. Ka mua mīkini paʻi Ivan Fyodorov ka hoʻohana 'ana Hetman Chodkiewicz i kukulu ai i ka hou ka paʻi palapala laau ma Zabludovo. Ma 1568-1569 GG. Ua Ua paʻiʻia "didactic euanelio", a ma ka 1570 i ike ai i ke kala o "Psalter me ka chasoslovtsem".

No kekahi ike kumuʻokiʻia Chodkiewicz koke hoʻolako 'ia o ka pai, Fedorov Ua hooku iho la ia i ka uuku kauhale, a i ka manao e komo i loko o mahiʻai. Ivan Fedorov - paionia, he pōkole Kawaihae no nā keiki a me nā mākua i ua ho'ākāka 'ia ma loko o ka' atikala, koe malama pono i kona hewa. He ohi o lākou, a me ka ohana (ua ike no oukou, i ka mea, ua i ka wahine a me na keiki) hoʻoneʻe i ke kulanakauhale.

E hana i loko o Lviv

Ke kolu o ka manawa, ka mua mīkini paʻi Ivan Fyodorov, hoomaka ae la ke ola hou. He hoʻonohonoho i ka pai hale, kahi i ka 1574, ua paʻi 2 mau buke:

• "Ka lunaolelo" me ka lewa a me nā mākaʻi kiaʻi;
• "Primer".

Ka hope - kekahi o ka loa waiwai mau buke i loko o ke ao nei. Ma mua o ko kakou manawa ua hiki wale 1 kekahi manawa o ka ia. I kēia lā, ka mea, ua waiho ia ma ka Harvard hale waihona puke.

Neʻeʻana a me ka napoo ana o ka

I ka 1575, Fedorov loaa oia i olelo kono mai kekahi o ka richest aliʻi - Konstantina Ostrozhskogo, i ke pai ana i kaomi ma ka halepaahao ma Volyn. Paionia maliu mai i ke kaumaha, a neʻe hou i ka hou henua. Ka I ke kala ua aliʻi lā ia i hoʻonohonoho i ke pai paʻi.

Ostrog i ka loa hoohua wā i loko o ke ola o Ivan Fedorov. Me ka 1578 a me ka 1581 makahiki. ia i hookuu 6 puke.

I ka 1582, ka haku puka hihia hoi aku la i kona 'ohana ma Lvov, kahi i make ai ma kaʻilihune i ka 1583. He Ua kanuʻiaʻo ia i loko o ka hoailona o St. Onufrievskom. Ua pau i ka manawa pōkole Kawaihae o Ivan Fedorov - paionia, no nā keiki a me nā mākua, e kākauʻana.