Ukraine ka ka piʻiʻana i Rusia (1654). Hawaiano o Ukraine a me Rusia. Na kumu

Ukraine ka ka piʻiʻana i Rusia (1654) i wahi e ku e ia i ke kāʻei kua o ka luna 'lawelawe, a mau hanana pili i ka makemake o ka Ukrainians e lilo hou pakiko-reliant, aʻaʻole hilinai loa ma Poland. Mai ka 1648 huli i loko o ka kaua pae i ke kue akā,ʻaʻohe mea ehia na lanakila a ua eo Cossacks alakai e Bohdan Khmelnytsky ma luna o ka Polish kaua, ua hiki ole e uku i ka lanakila ma luna o ke kahua kaua i loko o tangible kālai'āina mahele lakou. Ua lilo i mea akaka ia e kiʻi mai o ka malama o ka mokuaina e ole e hiki ole ke kōkua o ka ikaika Ally, like me ka hopena o ka reunification o Ukraine i me Rusia wahi. Pokole e wehewehe i ke kumu o ka mōʻaukala hanana.

Like a me ka kū kaʻawale

I ka makahiki eono o ke kaua i loko o ka nui koko kaua ku ei ka Ukrainian kanaka weliweli stress o ko lakou nei poe koa he paki Polish poʻe hao wale na manawa he nui. Akā, ma ko hai makani i Rzeczpospolita, Khmelnitsky no ka manawa mua ua i hele i ka haehae Ukraine aku, mai ka Polish moku'āina. He kū ma luna o nā kūlana o ka Cossack kū kaʻawale i ua imi ai i ka Cossacks me ka gentry i like nā pono kīvila a me ka ewaewa ole Ukrainian aina e noho ana i loko o ka Rzeczpospolita ma ka par me Poland a me Lithuania. I ia manawa ka mea, i ole lawe mai e pili ana i ka hawaiano o Ukraine a me Rusia. 1654 hoʻololi i ke kulana.

Paha Kuokoa?

Ia manawa, i ka manaʻo o ka like i loko o ka? Aieao o ke kū kaʻawale o kekahi mau i manaoio. Ua i loko o nā makahiki mua o ke kaua i loko o Ukraine, a ma Poland, he mau lono i:

1. Khmelnitsky makemake e hoihoi mai i kekahi "Old" a hana i kekahi hou na'lii.
2. He mea ia ia iho i ka inoa "alii o Rusia."
3. Cossacks makemake e hookupaa nui ae i ka kūʻokoʻa moku'āina.

Akā laila, no ke kuokoa o Ukraine i ole i ulu ai ka pono preconditions. Ke kumu nui i komo o ke kaua - a ua illiterate Cossacks, a me ka ia illiterate kauwa - hiki ole ho okumu ana i kona iho ana ideology, ana nō, ahu iho - Cossack luna a me gentry - aohe pono kālai'āina ke kaupaonaʻana, e lawe mai i ka separatist kuka. A, i ka hetman Khmelnitsky i ka laila, mahalo paulele. Wale nō i loko o ka papa o ke kaua, i ke kahua o ka Ukrainian Cossack moku'āina hou paa a me ka hoʻolaha i ka manaʻo o ke kūʻokoʻa.

Union me Tureke

Ka hou lakou e paio ana, me ka nui Khmelnitsky, lunakahiko, a me nā paʻi ua hoomaopopoia ia wale nō ma luna o lākou iho me ke kōkua hiki ole Ukraine kuu ia iho mai ka mana o ka Polish gentry. Ikaika mau hoalauna, ka poe i makaukau e 'alo i ka mokuaina, he elua wale: o ka Lūkini moku'āina ma ka hikina, a me ka Ottoman aupuni a pau ma ka hema. Aia ua he uuku koho o Khmelnytsky: kekahi Ukraine ka e komo i loko o ka Lūkini, a me ka hoʻomaopopo pono o ka vassalage mai Tureke.

Initially, he contender no ke kūlana o Ukraine lilo i ka haipule o ka Turkish Suletana, ka mea, ua nui loa ka ikaika e pale aku i ka encroachments o Poland ma Ukraine. Ma waena o Khmelnytsky a me ka noho aupuni ana o ke Suletana, he ai ka lakou mau kūkā '. I ka 1651 Porte olelo ia ke launa i ka Zaporozhian puali me koa. I mea maoli kōkua i ka Turkish Suletana i kaupalena 'wale i ka poe i komo i loko o nā kaua Crimean Tatars, Cossacks kenekulia, e kaua ana me. Ka mea, he nui loa unreliable allies a me kā lākou kipi hana, looting a hiki aku i ka heluna kanaka ma ka noho pio ana i hoʻopuka oi pilikia ma mua o ia e pōmaikaʻi ai i Ukrainians.

'Āinana apau me Rusia

Ke kuikahi me ka Ottoman aupuni a pau ma ka mea, aole i wahi. Ka mea, ua ole, a hiki ma ka palupalu koa a me ka haʻawina kōkua i ke Suletana, a me ka noʻonoʻo 'incompatibility. Nä mea ma waena o ka Orthodox a me Nā Poʻe Isalama, ka mea a na kanaka i kapaia "hoʻomaloka", hoao iho la e e insurmountable. Ma keia kulana, i ka maka Bogdana Hmelnitskogo a me ka heluna o Ukraine hoopii i ka poe manaoio - ka Lūkini.

June 8, 1648, eono makahiki ma mua i ka ka piʻiʻana o Ukraine i Rusia (1654), Bogdan Khmelnitsky kākau ihola i ka palapala mua i kōkua i ka Lūkini autocrat Alexei Mikhailovich. Initially, Rusia ua ma wikiwiki e komo i loko o piha-me ka unahiʻole kaua me ka ikaika Polish-Lituania aupuni. Akā, i ka luna o ka Ukrainians no ka makahiki eono, e hoomaopopo i ke alii e kokua, kaulike i ka hoʻi o ka Lūkini moku'āina i loko o ke kaua e kū'ē i ka Polish gentry. Khmelnitsky ma ke alo o ka Moscow elele 'aloʻahia i ka nui o ka hana pu no ka pono palekana o ka fraternal kānaka o ka Orthodox manaoio, me ko lakou lanakila debunked ua höʻike pü notions e pili ana i ka mana o ka mokuaina, kaulana pomaikai nui ia e i ka hawaiano o Ukraine a me Rusia. 1654 i hoike mai i ke kilo, a me ka pū o Khmelnitsky.

Expectant Lūkini wahi

Moscow i hoomaopopo i ka nui o ka hoao ana me Ukraine:

1. ke ala a hiki i ka aoao hema a hiki i ka Black Sea, a me ke komohana Kākou mau kuikahi, mua o nā mea a pau, weheia.
2. He mea hoʻonāwaliwali maoli Poland.
3. Luku e hiki kuikahi Zaporozhye Sech me Tureke.
4. Hooikaika ka piʻiʻana moku'āina ma lalo o ka Lūkini hae ekolu haneri tausani Cossack kaua.

Eia naʻe, no ka mea, he lōʻihi manawa ku i ka luna 'maloko, a mawaho kumu, a me ka nānā' ana ma luna o ka mea hoʻonāwaliwali maoli nō o nā kauaʻaoʻaoʻelua - Poland, a Ukraine - ka tsarist aupuni i ka hoohalua, a ike e pili ana. Kōkua pūʻulu hoʻouna i Ukraine o ka berena a me ka paʻakai, he olelo hooholo, e neʻe i ka Ukrainians ma ke kihi o ka honua, e loaa hou mai na elele.

rapprochement papa

Loulou ma waena o Bogdanom Hmelnitskim a me ka Lūkini aupuni i hele mai ai i ke ola i loko o nā makahiki 1652-1653, i ka makahiki hope o ka liberation kaua. Kokoke noke hele i ka olelo o Ukraine i Moscow, a mai Moscow hiki i Ukraine. Ma Ianuali 1652 Khmelnitsky hoouna mai i ka Lūkini kapikala o konaʻelele Ivan Iskra. Hunaahi i ka mea olelo mai la i ka Hetman, a me ka poe koa a pau o Zaporozhye makemake, e "ka Moi i ia i konaʻaoʻao."

Ma Kekemapa 1652, a January 1653 ma Moscow, e paa ana ia i mea kamaʻilio Samoilo Zarudny teammates. Zarudny'ī akula i ke aliʻi, "kauoha i ko lakou apono ma kā lākou mō'ī ka kiʻekiʻe lima". January 6, 1653 Khmelnitsky Chigirin Rada i kapaʻia i loko o nā lunakahiko, i hoʻoholo ole e kūkulu i me Poland, a me ka hoʻomau i ke kaua a ka mea hiki i kekahi, i ka puka o Ukraine i loko o Rusia.

In April-May 1653 i mea kamaʻilio ma Moscow, he mau elele Kondratiy Burlyay, a me Silevano Muzhilovsky. hoouna aku la ke tsarist aupuni i na elele a hiki i Bogdanu Hmelnitskomu, pakahi aku la ia i loko o ka hopena o May 1653rd haʻalele Chyhyryn Matveev a me Fomin.

1654: Ukraine-Rusia - kahi hookahi, a mau loa aku

Complication o ke kahua ma Ukraine Hoʻokē akula ka tsarist ke aupuni e oia i ka olelo hooholo-hana. June 22, 1653 ma Ukraine mai Moscow puuku hele Fedor Ladyzhenskii me ka palapala, mai ka Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, i i haawiia ae ai i ka hoololiia ana o ka'āina i loko o Ukraine ma lalo o ka "aliʻi lima kiʻekiʻe."

October 1, 1653 ma Moscow, halawai mai la me ka Zemsky Sobor, ke hoʻololi i ka definitively hoʻonā i ke kahe o ka pili aloha ma waena o Rusia a me Ukraine, a me ka hai aku i ke kaua ma luna o ka mokuaina. Ka Faceted keena o ka Kremlin ua hoʻoholo ihola i ka "Army o Zaporozhye a me Hetman Bogdana Hmelnitskogo me na aina a me na kulanakauhale e apono i ma lalo o ka lima mō'ī." A mōʻaukala i i. Ke reunification o ka Ukraine me Rusia i 'āpono' ole wale ke alii, akā, i nā mea a pau Hoʻohana o ka heluna kanaka (koe wale serfs i ole ka mea nana i ke kuleana e koho), nona ka 'elele i akoakoa ae ma ka Hale Pule Nui. Ka poʻe, ka Zemsky Sobor manao e hoʻoiliʻia ke kaua me Poland.

Naʻe, i kēia mea,ʻaʻole i ka hope loa ka piʻiʻana o Ukraine i Rusia. 1654 Ua i kekahi mau hou halawai mua o ka hope loa komo kūlana i ua hana mai. Rusia ua nui ka hoʻomaopopo pono o Ukraine like me ka noa, a kuokoa aupuni. Kēia i loko o ka olelo hooholo o ka moku'āina Council'ōlelo mai ai, "i ka mea makemake e hookuu aku i ke aupuni i loko o ka Turkish Suletana a me ka Crimean Khan, no ka mea, ua lilo ka mea aliʻi hoohiki noa kanaka e."

Ka wehe 'ana o ka aelike

January 31, 1653 i ka Lūkini kauoha malu hiki i ua lü Khmelnitsky - i kekahi kulanakauhale o Pereyaslav - me ka palapala e pili ana i ka hooholo ana o Zemsky Sobor, a me ka "kiekie loa kauoha." Kauoha malu, alai ae e V. Buturlin Ua ikaika akuʻoe, aloha mai na 'lii a me na kanaka.

January 6, 1654 ma Pereyaslav Bogdan Hmelnitsky hiki, a halawai i ka ia la ae, i nāʻelele, ma ka mea e kūkākūkā i ka Union mau ana. 8 January, ma hope malu naʻe a me na lunakahiko o ka ka piʻiʻana keia, Bogdan Khmelnitsky hele aku la i na kanaka, a hoopaa i ka ka piʻiʻana o Ukraine i Rusia. 1654 ua he haliu ae la ia wahi i loko o ka hopena o na kanaka elua.

Ukrainian kauoha malu Ua pinepine ae la oia hana pinepine 'ia ma Moscow, e kūkākūkā i nā lāliʻi o ka naau mai komo o ka hema-Bank Ukraine ma lalo o ka protectorate o ka Russian aupuni a pau.

Ukraine History i loko o nā lā: reunification me Rusia

• 1591-1593 GG. - kūʻauhau Cossacks uprising ku ei ka Polish ano hanohano, a me ka mea mua i maopopo kahi Hetman Krishtofa Kosinskogo i kōkua i ka Russian Tsar.
• 1622, 1624 i ka. - Bishop Isaiya Kopinskogo hoopii, laila Kauhalenui Iova Boretskogo i ke aliʻi, eʻae i ka Orthodox Little Rusia ma ka Lūkini kupa.
• 1648 - Bohdan Khmelnytsky ke hoala mai a pau-Ukrainian uprising ku ei ke ano hanohano, a me ka 8 June kakau iho la oia i ka mua palapala ia Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich kōkua a me kuikahi. Ka mua lanakila o ka Cossack poʻe kaua a me ka wehe 'Zborowski maluhia kuikahi' ae aku kū kaʻawale Zaporizhia Army.
• 1651 - resumption o hostilities, he kaumaha pio Cossacks Berestechko.
• 1653 - A hou lapaʻau Bogdana Hmelnitskogo i ka poʻe Lūkini, e kōkua i ka Cossacks, a me ka palapala hoopii no ka hookamaia ana i ka hema-Bank Ukraine i kupa. October 1 halawai ka Zemsky Sobor.
• 1654 - January 8 halawai Pereyaslavskaya olioli akea hoʻoholo e merge me Rusia. March 27 Zemsky Sobor a me ke alii halawai i ka hapa nui o na noi i imua ma na lunakahiko, a me Hetman ua hoakaka no ka laulā, kū kaʻawale. Kēia palapala i hope paʻa ai ka reunification o ka haʻalele-kapa Ukraine me Rusia.