Armenian Genocide o 1915: ke kumu. Armenian Genocide o 1915: loa. I ka moolelo o ka 1915 Genocide

Turkish genocide o Armenians i ka 1915, i hoʻonohonoho 'ia ma luna o ka mokuna o ka Ottoman aupuni a pau, ua kekahi o nā hanana loa horrific o kona'āina. Me ka Poeikohoia o nā lāhuiʻuʻuku, i deported, oiai i haneri o na tausani a miliona o ka poʻe make (ke kaumaha ma muli koho). Kēia moho no ka extermination o ka Armenian genocide ua manawa 'ike ma ka hapanui'āina o ko ke ao nei kaiāulu. Ma Tureke ia 'aʻole' aelike me keia hoʻomanaʻo.

elue

Ma ka nuipa awaa, a deportations ma ka Ottoman aupuni a pau, he okoa kumu a me nā kumu. Armenian Genocide i ka 1915 ua ku pono ana i ke kaiʻewaʻewa manao o Armenians a me ka lāhui i Turkish hapanui aupuni. Heluna discredited ole wale ma luna o ke aupuni, akā, i kaʻoihana kai. Armenians Kristiano poe, a i kā lākou mau kuokoa ekalesia. Na Kauai i Sunnis.

I ka mea ole-Muslim heluna i ke kūlana o dhimmi. People e hāʻule ma lalo o kēia ho'ākāka 'ana, e mai i ka pono e lawe i na mea kaua, a ke hele mai i ka aha e like me ka hoike. Ka mea, i ka uku kiʻekiʻe auhau. Armenians, no ka mea, o ka hapanui loa, he ilihune. Ka mea, i ka hapanui komo ma ka mahiai i loko o kā lākou poʻe hoahānau aina. Naʻe, i waena o ka Turkish oo i hoʻolahaʻia stereotypeʻana a me ka akamai ka Armenian Kalepa, a no laila, ma luna o. D. kēia mau papa pihi wale exacerbate inaina e noho ana kēia lāhui hapa. Mau luna 'kona piko a hiki ke hoohalikeia me ka laha Anati-Semitism ma na aina o ka manawa.

Ma ka Haole'āina o ka Ottoman aupuni a pau, i ke kulana deteriorated hou, a ma muli o ia ka mea i kēia mau'āina ma hope o ke kaua me Rusia zapolonyayut Muslim nā mea pakele, ka mea, no ka mea, o ko lākou poʻeʻilihune ka noho mau e hele mai i loko o kue me ka kūloko Armenians. Kekahi aoao ai kekahi, akā, Turkish ke kaiāulu kanaka, i loko o ka mai kuni moku'āina. Ka mea, ua makaukau, eʻae i ka forthcoming Armenian Genocide (1915). Nā kumu o kēia pōʻino o ka hohonu ho'āla a me ka manaʻoe hōʻeha ma waena o nā kānakaʻelua. Pono i ka hunaahi i makemake i ignited i ke ahi nunui.

Ka First World War

E like me ka hopena o ke kaua kipi ma ka makahiki 1908 ma ka Ottoman aupuni a hiki i ka mana, i ka aoao İttihat ( "Union, a holo"). Kona mau lala i kapa ia lakou iho i ka Young Kauai. Ke aupuni hou i koke imi i ka ideology ma a mākou hiki kūkulu lākou iho moku'āina. Ke kumu i aponoia e ka pā-Turkism a Turkish nationalism - manaʻo i mea ole manao i ka mea e pono i Armenians a me nā lāhuiʻuʻuku.

I ka 1914, ka Ottoman aupuni a pau i loko o ka hou o kona hou kulekele i hana oia i kuikahi me ke Kaiser ka Germany. E like me ke kuikahi, lāhui kanakaʻae i ka i komo i ka Caucasus, Tureke, kahi lehulehu Muslim kanaka i noho ai. Akā, ma ka ia aina, he Kristiano a me ka Armenians.

Me ke komo ana o Tureke ma ka First World War, i lilo ai, a me ka mua ma ka hoomaau no a pau ole-Nā Poʻe Isalama, me ke koi ana o ka waiwai i ka moku'āina. I ka Ia manawa Aupuni hai aku i ka jihad - he kaua hemolele e ku ei ka hoʻomaloka. hoomaka luna dhimmis e hōʻiliʻili i ka hili 'ao. Inexorably e nee mai ana i ka Armenian Genocide (1915), na kumu o ka a mākou noʻonoʻo i loko o kā mākou 'atikala.

mua pepehi kanaka

I ka wā o ka Ottoman aupuni a pau i wale komo i ka First World Kaua ma kaʻaoʻao o Hawaii, ka mobilization i ma ka aina. Ma lalo o ka leo kahea mai la, a Armenian kanaka. Kā lākou poʻe hao wale iʻano nui 'ole i loko o ke kaua e kū'ē i Peresia a me Rusia. Akā, mai ka hoomaka ana mai o ka Kauai, hoomaka ae la e hana eha iaʻi kekahi kaʻakālai pio ma luna o nā mea a pau fronts. A nui loa i Kou i ka make i loko o ke kaua o ka sarikamish ma December 1914 - January 1915. Aupuni laila loaʻa hewa, no ka mea, o ka a ka Russian imperial Army loaʻa ke kuleana lanakila. O ka holo ana, ka mea, he Armenians.

Mua i loko o Feberuari, o ka nui disarmament o nā koa o ia aupuni. Ma ka hao i wahi e pili ana i hoʻokahi haneri tausani kanaka. A laila hele maila ka mua kēlā makeʻana ma luna o ka lāhui i kai. Armenian koa, ka poe i makemake ole i ka hoolohe i ka mea, unceremoniously nele o ke ola. Objectionable ke alahouana. Me na lono o ka disarmament nānaina seeped ma Kou, kahi o nā Media a pau, e halii mai i ka lono o ka poe kipi a me nā kiu. Ka mea, ua i ka Armenian genocide o ka 1915, a me kona prelude.

deportations

Symbolic no ke ao nei a pau ua lilo i ka lā o Aperila 24, 1915. O Armenian Genocide i keia la ua pili i kēia lā (no ka laʻana, ka mea, ua manaoia i ka lā o ka hoomanao no na ka mōhai o ka genocide i loko o'Ararata). Ua Ua pili me ka laila hanana ma Kou. April 24, 1915 Ua hopu mua, a laila, deported Armenian waiwai o ke kapikala o ke Ottoman aupuni a pau. Kēia hanana i ka hoailona no ka like paipai aʻo kai eʻe ma ka aina.

E like ma mua o nā hanana o Kou deportations i na hoopai ana i Armenian nā kupa o ka'āina frontline. Aupuni kipaku ia ma lalo o ka pretext o relocation i ka lua pele mau mea. I mea, i hoouna aku ai i ka wao nahele, ma kahi a lakou i massively make o ka makewai, pololi, a me ka weliweli o ka noho kanaka. Kēia i hana purposefully. Ma ia hele ana i hoouna mai ai ka hapanui o na wahine, na keiki, a me ka poʻeʻelemākule - kanaka i hiki ole ke ku mai no lakou iho. Ua hopuia nā kānaka ma mua, e pale ia ai kekahi i hoʻonohonoho 'ia e kū'ē'ē mai.

Ma May, ka Armenian Genocide i ka 1915 uhi i ka mau o ka olelo hoopomaikai e noho ana o na kanaka o Anatolia - ka māhele mea mamao aku, mai ka hale kiaka o ka hana. Ano, i ole hoi i na luna i ka plausible pretext no resettlement. Eia naʻe, ma ka manawa o ka flywheel o repression ua mua, ua hoʻokiʻekiʻe ai, a me ka deportation kai eʻe i ka avalanche.

April umikumamaiwa ma van Armenian kipi uhai mai. Noho, me ka ike i hoomakaukauiaʻi ia i ka manawa o ka deportations, i mai i na mea kaua. Ka mea, i hoounaia mai e na luna e kaua ana i ka Turkish kaua hoomauia no ka mahina. Armenians kali no ka hiki mai o Lūkini poʻe hao wale, ka mea i hoʻopakele mai ka imminent make ana o civilians. I loko o ka pale kaua a me ka luku mai ia māhele ma mua o ia kipikipi ana ola lilo ma kahi o kanalima-kumamalima tausani Armenians. Ma ka genocide i loko o ka Ottoman aupuni a pau i kekahi mau mea nui mahele o ka ole. Turkish Aupuni hoʻohana i ka lono e pili ana ia lakou e like me ka hoike ana o ka betrayal a me ka manaʻoe hōʻeha o Armenians.

Ke apogee o ka Anati-Armenian kai eʻe

May 26 Kuhina o Kūloko Affairs o ka Ottoman aupuni a pau, Talaat Pasha ua hoʻomākaukau i ka hou kānāwai, e like me a na expulsions poe e e hoolohe i ka ka poe i kū'ē'ē 'oe i ke aupuni kūkulu' ia. Ma June,ʻo ia kekahi kauoha i ka deportation o nā mea a pau Armenians mai aneane he umi hikina mokuna o ka aina. Kekahi kai eʻe Ua lawe mai ma kekahi mau rula. E like me na kauoha, me ka mana i loko o kēlā me kēia māhele o ka helu ana o Armenians i ia e hoemi i ka 10%, mai ke koena o ka Muslim heluna. Eia hou, ka lāhui i 'ê i papaia, e wehe i ko lakou mau kula, a me ko lakou hou noho i manao ia ia i ka nui loa, mai kekahi i kekahi.

I Iulai expulsion Apo aku la ia komohana o nā'āina, a pela i palahalaha ae i ka holoʻokoʻa Ottoman aupuni a pau. Ke kumu no ka Armenian Genocide April 24, 1915, a me ka keia mau mahina ua i ka pa-Turkic kuwaho o ke Aupuni. Naʻe, i loko o ke kapikala a me kekahi mau nui kulanakauhale deportation i ole pela nunui. Ua Ua pili me ka mea i ke aupuni makau i ka publicity haole nā kānaka moʻolelo e noho ana i loko o Kou, İzmir, a no laila, ma luna o. D.

Pepehi i deportations i hoʻonohonoho. Eia hou kekahi, he nui wale o Armenians i make, mai ka weliweli rula o ke alanui a ma o ka lehulehu e hoʻomoana ai. Hope, i ka Turkish hale ma hooku iho la ia hoike ana i lawe mai i nā luna 'inikua hoʻokolohua ma luna o nā lālā o nā lāhuiʻuʻuku. La lakou, me ka nui, e ho'āʻo laʻau koʻokoʻo ma luna o typhus. Na tausani o Armenians i make kela lā, mai o ka hoʻokolokoloʻiaʻana a me ka hainā o gendarmes.

casualties

I kēia lā, aia i kekahi mau diametrically kaua kū'ē ana i ka loiloi 'ana o ka nui o na kanaka i make a me ka poino i na hanana Ottoman o ia mau makahiki. I ka moolelo o ka 1915 Armenian genocide mau ia e aʻo i loko o kekahi kulanui a puni ka honua. Open kumu, kālailai i ka hoike.

No ka laʻana, ma August 1915, kekahi o nā luna o ka Young o Tureke, Enver Pasha i kamailio ma kahi o 300 tausani Armenians make. Kelemānia nohona activist Johannes Lepsius, ka mea i alakai i kona hoʻokolokolo 'ana iho o nā hanana i ka wela alualu, hua mai la i kekahi mau Documentary hoiliili ole. He Kuhikuhi 'ia ke aka o ka hoʻokahi miliona make. Lepsius holoʻokoʻa mōʻaukala o ka genocide o ka Armenians i ua kālailai i ka 1915. I ka pau, i mai la ia i limanui aku hoohuliia ma kahi o 300 tausani kanaka i ke Hoʻomana Mohameka.

Hoikehonua, haʻawina paipai i kekahiʻano o nā huahelu. No ka laʻana, ma Tureke, kumu i aku nei au ma kahi o 200 tausani make, oiai ka Armenian paiia o ke koi 2 miliona. A, no ka mea hoike, ka puke noiʻi kūʻikena kaulana "Britannica" 'aʻole e haawi pololei koho, loʻohia i ka loa akea huahelu mai 600 tausani a hiki i 1.5 miliona mōhai. Eia ka mea, ua i loko o April 1915 ...

Armenian Genocide a pau i nā hanana o ia manawa, ua lōʻihi i hala. Ua i kekahi kenekulia no ka i make hope hoike o atrocities. Ottoman Aupuni nō i ka manawa o ko lākou deportation a me ka pepehi kanaka paipai aʻo kai eʻe akahele manaʻo o kekahi palapala, palapala kauoha a me nā kumu, i hiki ponoʻole e hoahewa i hanaia. A pau i kēia pū hiki aku i ka pōʻino nui e like me kekahi mau koho.

Ka oihana hoʻokolokolo i loko o Tureke

I loko nō ko lākou aʻo nō ma ka Ottoman Aupuni, e uhi i ko lakou hewa, no ka lono e pili ana i na deportations a me ka ahakanaka ku awaa o civilians hoomaka ae la e liu wale aku no. Mua i loko o Mei 1915, i ka Allies o ka Entente (Pelekāne, Palani a me Rusia) pūlima i ka ami hoakaka i hea aku ai no Kou hooki repressions ma luna o kona mau kanaka. O ka holo ana, i kēia mau māmala'ōlelo e hōʻike ana, aole hoi i ole no kuʻu kaumaha.

Revaluation ulia ma Tureke iloko wale i ka 1918, ka wā i ke aupuni i hee ma ka First World War. Kou i noho ma ka Ally kaua, a me ka mea mua kanaka o ka mua ke aupuni i loko o mua heʻe akula i ka'āina. O lakou ka Young o Tureke, ka mea i ka oihana coup i ka makahiki 1908, a kauo aku la ia i kona aupuni i loko o World War I ma kaʻaoʻao o Germany.

Ano, i ka Allies ma ka Rights o ka uwa maila ninau mai i ka hoʻokolokolo 'ana i mea alakaʻi i ka genocide o Armenians ma ka Ottoman Aupuni o ka hou (1915). Kumu mōʻaukala, i koena palapala - nā mea a pau pili loa hookolokolo aku la ia ma ka noho hookolokolo, i lilo ai kona hana ma December 1918 (ia mea no kona hoao ana e paa ana ia i kekahi aupuni Komisina he mau mahina). Ua Ua ua maopopo i ka pepehi kanaka o civilians hana i loko o ka hoʻonohonohoʻana ala, i mea he lahui kaua hewa.

I ka papa kuhikuhiE culprits o ka pōʻino i ua ike: Talaat Pasha (mua Kalaiaina Kuhina a me Grand Vizier), Enver Pasha (kekahi o na luna o ka Young o Tureke), a me Djemal Pasha (kekahi aoao functionary). O keia mau mea ekolu, oiai ma ka mana, hana i unofficial triumvirate, a i nā mea a pau nui moku'āina olelo. O kahi hookolokolo ka'ōlelo hoʻopaʻi i ka make ma ka absentia, e like me ka mea holo i ka aina ma ka Ewa o ke ano o ka Entente poʻe hao wale i loko o Kou.

"Hana Nemesis"

Ka lono kaumaha Armenian Genocide (1915), nā kumu a me ka 'ole i ua lōʻihi ua noʻonoʻo ma ka' aha hoʻokolokolo, no ka mea, he nui na makahiki, wahi a puni ka honua. I ka 1919, Ahaolelo Lahui hele i ka "Dashnaktsutiun" i loko o ka lānai hou kuokoa'Ararata. Kēia aliʻi Armenian aoao ua i ka papa inoa o nā haneri o nā inoa o ka poʻe e noho ana i ka papa kuhikuhiE initiators a me nā kauoha o ka repression ku e Armenians i loko o ka Ottoman aupuni a pau.

I ka mea, ma ka Ahaolelo o "Dashnaktsutiun" hai i ke kai eʻe no ka hoopai perpetrators o ka aina pōʻino. ʻOiai i ka manawa i loko o Kou, a hana no i ka noho hookolokolo e hoohewa i ka luna o ka Young o Tureke, ua hiki ke pale aku hoʻopaʻi lākou. Yerevan hoomalau i ka loio i ano o ka paio e ku ei na perpetrators o genocide. Ua hoomaka ae la e hoʻolālā i ka pepehi ana o kanaka 'ole i loko o ka LIKE papa inoa o ka aoao. Ke kai eʻe i kapaia "hana Nemesis" (he olua i ka Nemesis - ka Helene akua o ka hoʻopaʻi).

I ka wā mai ka 1918 a hiki i 1922. functionaries lehulehu o ka Ottoman aupuni i make, triggered ka genocide o ka Armenians (1915). Ke kumu, ua mua, ua noʻonoʻoʻia ka Turkish koa hale ma waho, a maopopo kona hewa - hoao. ʻOiai ka "Dashnaktsutyun" activists hana ma luna o lākou iho kamepiula, ka mea, ua mau olelo ia wale hana kupono olelo hooholo o ka lahui Aha.

I ka pepehi ana o na luna o ka Young Kauai

March 15, 1921 ma Pelelina Armenian soghomon tehlirian i loko o ka maka o na mea hoike i pepehi Talaat Pasha, ka mea i pee ana ma Europe ma lalo o ka ea inoa. Gunman koke hopuia ma ka Kelemānia makai. Ka hookolokolo ana, hoomaka ae la. Tehlirian hāʻawi manawaleʻa, e hoomalu aku i ka maikai loio ma Germany. Ke kaʻina alakaʻi i akea lehulehu resonance. Ma ka hālāwai hoʻolohe manaʻo ua hou Kupanaha kūʻiʻo lehulehu o ka Armenian Genocide i loko o ka Ottoman aupuni a pau. Tehlirian sensationally hewa. Ma hope iho o ia, oia emigrated i kaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia, kahi i make ai i ka makahiki 1960.

Kekahi nui luahi o ka "hana Nemesis" ua Djemal Pasha, ka mea i make i loko o Tbilisi i ka 1922. I ka hookahi makahiki i kekahi lala o ka triumvirate o Enver i pepehi i ke kaua me ka Red Army i loko o kēia Tajikistan. He holo aku la ia Central Asia, kahi no kekahi manawa i kaʻeleu aku i komo Basmach ana.

loio i lapaʻau

It E e hoʻomaopopo i ka manawa "genocide"ʻikeʻia i loko o ka loio i nä huaÿölelo Pelekane loa ma hope o nā hanana i wehewehe. Word i waho i ka 1943, a me ka mua ia mea, nui ka pepehi kanaka o ka Iudaio ma ka Nazi Aupuni o ka Apana Reich. Ma hope o kekahi mau makahiki, i ka makahiki i ua paa e like me ke Kuikahi kauoha aku i ke Puhi hana Aupuni Hui Pū '. Hope hanana ma ka Ottoman aupuni a pau, i ike i ka genocide o Armenians i ka 1915. Ma kekahi, ka mea i ua i ma ka 'Eulopa hale kanawai, a me ka Hui Pū'.

I ka 1995, i ike i ka luku ana o Armenians i loko o ka Ottoman aupuni a me genocide i loko o ka Russian Hui. I kēia lā,ʻo ia nānā ua kaʻana 'ia e ka hapanui o ka US Huipuia, kokoke i nā'āina a pau o Europa a me America Hema. Akā, he mea i'āina kahi e hoole ana i ka Armenian Genocide (1915). Na kumu, ma ka pōkole, e kālai'āina. Ma ka wahi mua i loko o ka papa inoa o kēia mau'āina i ke kālā no Tureke a me Azerbaijan.