Decentralization - He aha Ua It? Centralization a me ka decentralization

Russian moku'āina ma ka keia kahua o ka? Acaeoey i loko o nā kūlana i mea nona a hiki i ka mau HOU kaʻina. He He determinant o ka mea i loaʻa i kekahi e pono ai no ka pono-kūkulu wahi lulu kulekele, na hana o ka moku'āina kulanui ma kia-Soviet Rusia, e like me ka paa ana o kekahi mau 'maʻi lele o pili aupuni'ōnaehana. Ma kekahi, ia mea pono e pane i ka nīnau: "? Decentralization - He aha ka mea a me ka mea i kona oko, mai ka centralization o ka mana"

He aha ka ke kaʻina hana o ka centralization a me ka decentralization?

Haliu ae la ia i ka terminology, ka mea hiki e manao ia ka centralization a me ka decentralization o ka'ōnaehana - okoa manaÿo. No laila, centralization - o ka lehulehu o ka mana a pau i loko o nā lima o ka hoʻokahi hui. Mai kekahi wahi pili aupuni o Hawaii, i ka wa a ke aupuni, aole ia e malama i ka mana a pau i loko o kona mau lima, a haawi i kekahi mākaukau o kūloko aupuni kino, ia mea decentralization. He aha ka mea, ae hou au mamuli e loaʻa mai i ke akamai pane ma ke kumuhana.

Elua methodological hoʻokokoke mai i ka decentralization o ka mana

I ka lā, e like me Vardan Baghdasaryan, ma laila nō nā methodological hoʻokokoke mai e ae oe e pane mai i ka ninau: decentralization - He aha ia mea. Ka holoʻokoʻa ka leo o ka hoʻomalu mana ke waiho i kekahi mau 'helu, a e e 100%. Inā oi ma mua o 90% o ka mana ua kiaʻana i kāna i loko o nā lima o nā kino kiekie o ka moku'āina ka mana a me ka wale 10% i haawi mai ai i ka mākaukau o kaiakū Aupuni, ka mea hiki ke ua kūkākūkāʻia ia i loko o ka keia moku'āina o centralized'ōnaehana. Inā ka pakeneka o ka puunaue ana o ka mana o inversely hapaʻauhau,ʻo ia hoʻi, 90% hai aku i ka mana o ka kūloko ka hoʻoponopono-aupuni a wale 10% i ke aupuni ma lalo nei ma ka pekelala a me ka 'āina' ilikai, ua hiki ke kamailio e pili ana i mea hele decentralization kaʻina.

Ke'ī mai, ka mea mua methodological kokoke e leie aku iā mākou i ka olelo e pili ana i ka hoʻokele ÷ - excessive decentralization. Ma nā hua'ōlelo, ke Kumuhana o kēia wā o ka hoʻoponopono kūloko-aupuni hiki ole ke hoʻonā 'ia' ana ma o ka "honua". E hana i kēia, e hoʻopaipai i ka pono o kekahi mau Wahiiki i loko ma nā nā loko kiekie o ka 'ōnaehana pae, i loko o ka hapanui hihia hiki ole ke hana.

Inā decentralization i wahi ma luna o ka lua o ka kükohu, ka mea maoli i ka pilikia o ka separatism i loko o ke aupuni. Kēia hiki ia he nui ololi i loko o ka hoomaopopo ana i ka'opi o ka aina ka statehood.

He aha ua puni Con o decentralization o ka mana?

'Aʻole wale nō e pane i ka nīnau: "? Decentralization - He aha ka mea" - ia mea nui e maopopo i ka hoʻokumu paʻa pros a me ka hooluolu ana o ka hookaawale ana o ka manaʻano papa hana.

1. I ka lilo ana o ka monopoly ma kālā issuance e ke Aupuni. Kēia hopena maikaʻi manao i hiki ole Central Aupuni lawe mai noaaeeecaoee kupono koi pohō aʻikepili. Kekahi o na mana i haawi ia ma na wahi o ka Russian Hui, i mea lawa no ka ia nui kālā kaumaha. He no ka mea, no kēia mau kumu pili i ke kālā ae pani ai.
2. Ka ulu o ka bureaucracy. Decentralization o ka mana - ia mea,ʻaʻole wale i ka puunaue ana o mana, akā, i hoomahuahua i ka helu o ka moku'āina kulanui a me nā luna, kela mea keia mea o a he kūlanaʻokoʻa hanaʻia. Ua hiki aku i ka excessive rula hooponopono e like me ia ma ka poepoe pili aupuni, a me ka waiwai a me ka nohona poepoe.
3. Eia hou, i ka decentralization o ka mana - he hana e māhuahua ka palaho ma kūloko aupuni. Ke delimitation o ka mana o ka redistribution o mana ma ka kūloko kiʻekiʻe. E kahu ai i nā me El e hele mai, i ke aloha i ka i lobbying pono o ka pāʻoihana poe ka hoʻohana bribery o ka mana, bribery a me ka makana hāʻawi.
4. Opacity o ka mana i loko o ke kula. Inā i ka lani kiekie loa moku'āina Aupuni e kala aku ai ia mau moʻolelo ma luna o kā lākou mau hana, i ka kūloko ka hoʻoponopono-aupuni lau kona hana i loko o nā aka. Luna ma ka kūloko pae, ke hoʻoponopono i ka hana o ka Media, no laila, i ka ha awina o na Aupuni e e lehulehu ma kaʻaoʻao nā palapala nei,ʻaʻole e hiki.

I loko nō o ka mea i uaʻalo i ka decentralization o ka mana i loko o Rusia me ka pilikia lehulehu, i kēiaʻano papa hana i ka helu o nā pono a me nā manawa kūpono unrealized.

kohoʻia MSU

Local aupuni i nui maikaʻi hoʻomaopopo 'o ia e pili ana i ka na pilikia i loko o ka mokuna o ka ua Wahiiki. A he mau hiʻohiʻona i ka hookamaia o'ōlewa pāʻoihana e hoʻoponopono 'ana i ka pukaʻana wahi, i hiki. Eia naʻe, ma muli o ka nele i ka kūpono kālai'āina, a? Aneiai nā makana'ōnaehana 'Aʻole e holopono ana.

Hoʻokūkū ana jurisdictions MSU

Hookahi nui ia Morohiha o ka decentralization mea kaʻawale Competition ma waena o kekahi mau jurisdictions. Eia naʻe, ma muli o ia ka mea i ka mea hookahi? Aneiai makahiki i loko o ka Russian Hui mea ole, i loko o ka moku'āina he mea haʻahaʻa hana ka hoʻoneʻe, hana a me ka waiwai a pele.

kuleana o kūloko aupuni

Maluna nae o ke aupuni a hiki i ka electorate. Ua Ua manaoio ia kūloko Aupuni i kokoke i hiki i na kanaka, i ko lakou mau pono a me ka pilikia. No laila, hana e e like hamama a me ka aniani moakaka. I mea, i ke kihi o ka kūloko Aupuni - ka mea, he mau 'elele o kaiakū me El, ka poe i makemake e haʻalele i loko o ka malu o ko lākou mau hana, ma ia huna i ke kohoʻia oiaio o na hana.

E kaha makau i a me ka mea kaupaona

Pale ia i ka usurpation o ka mana e leie hapaʻauhau centralization a me ka decentralization, a hoʻohuʻu he ikaika kaawale ana o ka mana 50/50. Eia naʻe, no ka pono functioning o keʻano papa hana pono e kū hana kūikawā kulanui. Ma ka palena o ka Russian Hui, keia hana mea nawaliwali, ka mea, aole ia i ae i ka pono degere o ka hooponopono ana, e lawe mai i ka ōhumu ma waena o kekahi mau pae o ke aupuni.

Centralization a me decentralization o ka mana - he mea hilo i mea pili loa i ka keia lā ma luna o ka mokuna o Rusia. Wale kupono hoi o ka makana o ka mana i waena o nā nā loko likeʻole o ka moku'āina mana pae e pale hiki keakea o ka mākaukau differentiationʻano papa hana, a ike kūpono.