Hydrogen cyanide: A haʻilula p ÷ ino papa

Hydrogen cyanide a hydrocyanic kapaia hydrocyanicʻakika. He colorless, loa e yiaeaiiacaaeneiie a me ka lawe lima, hoomaikai flammable, i ke kiʻionaʻala o nā'alemona. He loaʻawahia.

waiwai

Hydrogen cyanide (HCN haʻilula) ia lŘlŘ ma ke ano maoli, e accumulates kekahi mea kanu i kekahi kona kaʻana like 'ana i loko o ka paka uwahi, Coke, kaawale ua ike i ka thermal decomposition o polyurethane a me ka nylon. Kēia waiwai He He kumu insecticide, a i malama i ka hua a me ka anoano o na mea kanu, mai hoouka ma pests. No ka laʻana, ka mea, ua loaʻa ma loko o nā nuclei o apricots, plums, cherries,'alemona.

Ua Ua hoopuni i hui pūʻia ma kekahi lākiō me ka'eto ka waiʻona, ethanol a me ka wai, a me ia no hoi reacts a me ka aldehyde. Hydrogen cyanide i paa ma -13,3 kekelē Kelekia ma, ka puluniu 'ole o ka hau. Ua huli i loko o ke kinoea i 25,7 degere. Kinoea mea māmā ma mua o ka ea.

Kekahi mau mea oluolu ka hoʻokemu hydrocyanicʻakika. Kēia, no ka laʻana, laholio, fabrics, pōhaku puna, nā pōhaku lepo, a me kekahi ai. Hydrogen cyanide ua hui me ke ea ano he flammable, pahū ukuhiia, i ka pahū ikaika o ka i, ua oi aku ia o TNT.

i ka hoʻohana 'ana o

Hydrocyanicʻakika ua hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o acrylonitrile, acrylates, i a laila nō i ka hana o nā lula ea. ia mea no hoi e pono e paka cyanogen koloriside, acrylonitrile,'amino nāʻakika a me fumigants hoʻohana ma ka mahiai no ka pest hooponopono. Komo i loko o ka hoʻololi kemikala o ka nitrile laholio, a kemikala olona, lacticʻakika a me plexiglass. Ana hoʻohana 'ia i loko o rodent mana, disinfection a me ka luku ana o pests o ka hua laau.

Halihali a me ka pūnaewele

No ka amo ana o hydrogen cyanide ua hoʻohana 'ia e like me ka pokole pūnaewele poʻina nalu a me nā ipu, hoino aku hi. No ka paʻa pūnaewele hoʻohana ano honua kahi vertical paukūʻolokaʻa? Aieeeua ka leo mai he kanalima iʻelima tausani cubic mika (ka hoopiha ololi o 0.9-0.95). Ka lewa puʻe, i ke ana wela i loko o nā nā paukūʻolokaʻa ua i hoemiia. ʻO kā mākou allowable dala o ka pūnaewele - mau tona.

make

Headache, mea ukiuki loa, he manao no ke kaumaha loa i loko o ka waha, panic - no a pau hiki i hydrogen cyanide. Kanaka waiū hoʻomaka ma hope o lanakila i ka paepae o ka 0,3 mg / m + ³ (polū) - ua ke kaupalenaʻana ana lehulehu i loko o ka lewa i ka hana a puni. Ka lewa ea noho e ole no oi aku 0,01 mg / ka m ^3.

Ke kanaka hoʻomaka e haha ano almond ala ma ka lehulehu o ka 2-5 mg / ka m ^3. Me ka ulu lehulehu o 5-20 mg / m + ³ e hōʻike i nā symptoms mua: eha ma ke poo a me ka pōniuniu, ae hookaawale ana i ka mucous membranes, a me nā maka, waha manao awaawa, i mea akaka unwarranted ano o ka makau. Hooloihiia waiū a hiki i ka lehulehu o 50-60 mg / m + ³ ke kumu nausea a me ka luaʻi, palpitations, mydriasis, ke kāʻili 'ana a me ka poho o ka ike paka i. No ka ona e lawa ka Inhale i ka ohu ma ka lehulehu o ka 130 mg / m + ³ no ka hora, a ma ka lehulehu o ka 220 mg / ^m3 manawa ua hoemi ia i elima minuke. Lethal lehulehu o 1500 mg / ^m3.

physiological 'ole

Prussicʻakika - he waiwai i hiki i'aʻaʻa anoxia. Inā kaʻapu kōheoheo i loko o ke kanaka kino, he mea ka mahuahua o ka o oxygen ma arterial a me ka venous koko, hiki hoemi arterial-venous koena unuhi, e like me ka hopena,'aʻaʻa oxygen ma hokii, ua a loa hoemiia. Hydrogen cyanide a me kona paʻakai i nā mea hoʻoheheʻe i loko o ke koko, hāʻule i loko o ka lole, a pane koke me ka cytochrome oxidase. Ma hope o cyanide i huiia ma ke ano o ka trivalent hao ko lakou kupikipikio hana o ka huina'ine hoolilo i ka o oxygen nā lātoma. Aie i ka mea i ka hope loa'okesaside mokuna ke aloha, ua nee i ka pau kaʻina o ka hanu 'ana, e loaa ana mai ka'aʻaʻa hypoxia, no ka mea, eia nae o oxygen, a ua hāʻawi mai i loko o ka nui akau, ka mea, ua ole ke kemu, a ua hoouna mai ai i loko o ka venous koko i loko o ua hoʻololiʻia palapala.

Ma ho'ā hope o ka glycolysis ia lŘlŘ ma prussicʻakika kaʻapu kōheoheo: mail loli mai aerobic i ka anaerobic.

hoʻopau o ka ulia

Hydrogen cyanide (p ÷ ino papa - 2) hiki e make ana i kānaka. Iloko o ka aftermath o ka ulia, a i pili i ke kala a me spillage o NCH, ka pilikia ciia i 400 mau mika aku. He mea pono e kaʻawale, a wehe i kanaka, e lawe aku oe i kekahi kumu o ka lapalapa ahi, a me ka 'ole-e uwahi ana. E ia ma kaʻaoʻao lulu.

Oiai loko o ka hoʻopōʻino wahi ua koi 'ia e hoʻohana aiiay lako a (hō'īpale ea paha a ha i hoʻomākaukauʻia, e like me ili' ohana ka palekana o ia hoʻi, A-1, 5-kaʻa, a kaa 4). Waho chetyrehsotmetrovoy ciia hiki ole hoʻohana 'ili' ohana ka palekana a me ka mālama i hanalima, a kivila kinoea ea paha e hoʻopale ai ia lakou iho mai kaʻapu kōheoheo.

Kinoea ea paha, a 'ē aʻe aiiay lako a

Hui i na mea kaua Kānana ea paha e mana ina o ka lehulehu o ka hydrogen cyanide i loko o ka lewa, ua emi mai o 2500 mg / ^m3. Hanalima Kānana ea paha i pili i ka mea i kā mākou ana lehulehu o 6000 mg / ^m3. Naʻe, ina ka mahu hapa iki o hydrocyanicʻakika i loko o ka lewa mea 7000-12000 mg / m + ³ (7-12 g), e aahu i ka kinoea ea paha, he kanaka i loko o kekahi mau minuke e haha aku i ka symptoms o kaʻapu kōheoheo aie i ka anal ma ka ili. I mea no ke aha la ma kiʻekiʻe nā hoʻohui like 'ole ma hope o hooloihi ae i hana i loko o ka ciia koi' ia e hoʻohana piha aiiay lako a pan.