Naehana kekahi ola meaola

Ke ao nei a ola mea i hoolahaia'ku [na kanaka i ka Honua, ia mea'āina like. Kekahi o ia mau mea i loaʻa wale nō i loko o ka koʻana koko 'ia, na kekahi aoao o ke ola hakuloli, e hoopaa i ka wai, a me kekahi mau - ma luna o ka'āina. A me kela ano keia ano o ke ola meaola hakuloli i kā lākou kaianoho koholā. Naehana nā loko o nā holoholona i okoa, a me keʻano, a me nā hale hilinai ole wale ma kahi e noho ai, akā, no hoi ma ka ka manaʻo pohihihi o ke kino o ka mea.

I ka loa a me ka poe noonoo ole primitive holoholona - i hookahi-aa?, I loaʻa, no kekahi laʻana, he amoeba, ciliate-kāmaʻa, sporozoans. Lākou naehana'ōnaehana uaʻaʻole i hanaʻia. Ka mea, hanu o oxygen i ua mea hoʻoheheʻe i loko o ka wai. Mea, ma ka huli, komo i ke kino ma ka ili o ke kino Via osmosis.

Ma coelenterates (ka huahuakai, hooponopono pookela, jellyfish, ka pōhaku punakea,), a e pili ana i ka multicellular holoholona, i ka hanu no hoi ia lŘlŘ ma ke kino ili honua. Kēia hōʻike primitive kāna moʻolelo coelenterates 'ole.

Loa e ole parasitic ilo haʻili,ʻo ia hoʻi, ka oxygen komo iloko ma kaʻili, akā, wai annelids he mea kūikawā nā loko o ka hanu nā - halo o mua, Ka halo o mua i hoohuliia mai dorsal cirrus paha parapodium. Parasitic ilo (flukes, a) i ole naehana hanu, kā lākou anaerobic ka hanu.

Ma keʻano o nā arthropods loaʻa he nui helu o ka meaola i noho i loko o nā hana kūpono, a no ia mea, i ka ÷ naehana hanu'ōnaehana i e lauwili. I ka honua kahi arthropods (punawelewele, nā moʻo hueloʻawa, nā mea kolo) , ka Special naehana nā loko - akemāmā mauʻeke, trachea, ia maʻiʻaʻai.

Nā moʻo hueloʻawa, a punawelewele, primitive hanu ma ka lilo o ke akemāmā sacs. Kēia Wa Mamua o ka abdominal lua, a i piha me ka hemolymph, a aia no iloko olaila lehulehu lau una honua. Ma ka paia o kēia mau papa kinoea, e loaa hou i, i oxygen komo i ka eke kala ma ka pulmonary spiracles, a nō ma luna o ka abdomen. Ka hapanui o punawelewele, i ka poʻe a me ka ia maʻiʻaʻai a me trachea.

Trachea - he lahilahi Tube, penetrating i ke kino a pau o ka holoholona. Ma nā lua i wehe trachea i ka waho, ka Hoʻohana mua o ka abdomen. Ia maʻiʻaʻai i primitive 'ole, a no ia mea,ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi hakuloli i ka trachea ha ka lewa ka oxygen.

Naehana nā loko o nā mea kolo - ka mea, i ka trachea, permeate i ke kino holoʻokoʻa. Ka mea, he e lālā mai, o Hoamakeikekula na nā loko o ka holoholona. Tracheal hopena e oi lahilahi paipu - tracheoles e komo i loko o ke keena. insect tracheal ke alalai ole kamaʻilio me ke kaiapuni, akā, ma kā lākou mau welau ka mea, i ka reflex nakeke ma i ka wai poho i hoemiia ka wā insect mahuka ana.

Arthropods a noho i ka wai (crayfish, pāpaʻi, daphnia, horseshoe pāpaʻi) hanu Via dermal halo o mua. Mau halo o mua nō ma luna o ka holoholona i ka lala, a i ka nui helu o a lahilahi, ma i ke kinoea mail ia lŘlŘ. Ma ka'āina o ka holoholona, ke ola, i lōʻihi i keia mau papa i pulu loa i ka wai.

Naehana ka pūpū hiki e halo o mua a me ia maʻiʻaʻai. Hanu oluolu'āina a freshwater gastropods. Kapa lua o na e ikuwa ana i loko o ke kaʻina hana o ka evolution ua lilo maʻalahi. He malamalama i ka hanu puka a ua pili i ka hoʻolilo 'ia a hiki ke paa.

Freshwater gastropods hanu ka lewa ea, no ka inhalation ala hou ka mea, ma ka ili honua. Nā paia o ka Ulana densely akemāmā moku koko, mai 'aneʻi ua waiwai i ke koko me ka o oxygen ua hoʻokuʻuʻia a me ka o carbon dioxide. Clams hanu hoʻohana 'ana halo o mua. e uhi halo o mua maka aha papa me ka ciliated epithelium. Ma ka hana o ka cilia o ka ciliated epithelium paa wahi i loko o ka wai muliwai kapa lua. Kēia wai kai oxygen, a ua oxidized ma ka halo o mua, No ka mea, o oxygen a me ka mahuaola hanai aku i loko o ke kino, a me ka decomposition huahana, pu me ke kalapona'okikene lua i auoiaea ma ka siphon aahu lua.