'Ole holoholona aeea

Cell - i ka mea uuku nā hale o nā mea kanu a me ka holoholona ola - ka loa pohihihi kŰia o ke ano. E like ma luna o kona mau 'ilikai ia mea paʻakikī loa halepaahao ua hoonohonoho a maupaʻa i ka ai iiiaanoaa o nā hale e hana kekahi oihana. Ma ke kino, he mau 'kau o ke keena ai, nā'aʻaʻa, nā'aʻaʻa - nā loko, a me ka poe - kino nenoaiu. Ka 'ole o ka holoholona, a kanu keena ma na mea he nui ka mahalo i like, akā, i ka mea ia manawa, a he kumu oko ao. No ka laʻana, e like me ka Nine Inch haku mele 'ana o ke keena, like me nā loina o ka' ole a me ka functioning, akā, ma ka kanu aeee i centrioles (koe nae ka līoho), a me'aiaola ae pani ai kumu ka pia.

Ka 'ole o na keena o ka holoholona ma muli o ekolu papa kuhikuhiE eiiiiiaiou - ka nucleus, cytoplasm a me ke kelepona heleʻili lahilahi. Ma ka 'ōlelo o ka cytoplasm' ano apau loa protoplasm. Cellʻili lahilahi - mea he liluweloʻili lahilahi (septum) i hookaawale ai i ka halepaahao, mai ka mea mawaho papa, wahī mai ka halepaahao organelles a me nuclei ano he cytoplasmic compartments. Inā 'oe i ka wa hoomakaukau ia ma lalo o ka microscope, me ka' ole o ka holoholona aeea hiki ke hoopuni ike. Cellʻili lahilahi maupaʻa ekolu papa. Ke waho a me loko papa o kumuʻiʻo a me ka palapala - lipid. Ma ke aha ka lipid, ahu iho no hoi ua maheleia i mau papa - he ahu iho la ka hydrophobic nā lātoma a me ka ahu iho la ka hydrophilic nā lātoma, a i hoonohonoho i loko o kekahi mea. Ma ka ili o ka halepaahaoʻili lahilahi kanu'ōiwi nā mea he kūikawā - glycocalyx, a ua hoakaka no ka hiki i ka e waeʻili lahilahi. Ka iwi ae i ka mea e pono ai mea, a paʻa ka poʻe i lawe mai ia ia ka poino. Ka 'ole o ka holoholona aeea ua nona ma ka hōʻoia i ka aiiay kuleana pili i ka manawa ma keia pae. Ke anal o 'ona ma ka iwi ia lŘlŘ ma pololei komo o ka cytoplasmicʻili lahilahi. I ka ili o kaʻili lahilahi Ua nui lawa no ka huakai hele, protrusions, nā pā a me villi. Ke cytoplasmicʻili lahilahi māʻalo like me ka mea uuku (particles) a nui.

Ke 'ole ua wehewehe aku ma ka holoholona aeea cytoplasm, no ka hapanui loa oia hoi o ka wai. Ka cytoplasm - he wahi no nā organelles a me inclusions. Eia kekahi cytoplasm he cytoskeleton a - kumuʻiʻo filaments i ka pae'āina ma ke kaʻina hana o ka halepaahao mahele, delimit ka intracellular makahiki a me ka malama i ke kelepona hele kinona, ke hiki i ka emi. An nui ke keʻena o ka cytoplasm - hyaloplasm a hoʻoholo i ka (viscosity) a me ka elasticity o ka halepaahao 'ole. Ke kaumaha ma muli mawaho, a na aʻe hyaloplasm hiki hoʻololi kona (viscosity) - e lilo i kekahi kinowai a tuko pīlali.

Këia i ka 'ole o ka holoholona aeea, He mea hiki ole,ʻaʻole nō ia e lohe i ka ke kelepona hele hana - organelles mea i loaʻa i loko o ka halepaahao. All organelles i kā lākou mau kekahi 'ole, a ua kauoha aku e ka mana hoʻokō. Ke nucleus - ke kikowaena pa alima o ka halepaahao i kekahi mau aaiaoe ike, a ua komo i loko o pūnao i loko o ka halepaahao wale. Ma ke kelepona hele organelles loaʻa ka endoplasmic reticulum, o ka halepaahao oaio, mitochondria, ribosomes, Golgi eiiieaen, plastids, lysosomes, vacuoles. Mau organelles mea i loko o na halepaahao, akā, ke kaumaha ma muli o ka papa, i ka 'ole o ka holoholona aeea e oko ma ke alo o kekahi hale.

Hana o aeea organelles:

- mitochondria oxidize ke aloha i huiʻia , a accumulates Nine Inch ikehu;

- endoplasmic reticulum ku i ke alo o ka ho'ākāka 'ia i nā'ūhū synthesized i ka momona, a me nā carbohydrates, ka mea i hanai kōkua amo ana o' ona i loko o ke keena;

- ribosome synthesize kumuʻiʻo;

- Golgi eiiieaena kumuʻiʻo noʻonoʻo, condenses kemikala bipi kūpaluʻia, polysaccharides, konaʻano a lysosomes a me ka hoomakaukau ana i nā puke no ko lakou hoopau ana i keena a pololei hoʻohana i loko o ia;

- lysosomes hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo carbohydrates, nā polokina, i ka momona, a me nukelea nāʻakika, ma ka mea, digesting komo i ka halepaahao māhuaola;

- aeea oaio? Ua komo i loko o ke kaʻina hana o ka halepaahao mahele;

- vacuole, ma muli o ia ka maʻiʻo o ka halepaahao SAP kākoʻo aeea turgor (maloko puʻe).

Ka 'ole o na keena ola mea paʻakikī loa - ma ke kelepona hele pae i ka hailona o biochemical keʻano o ka hanaʻana, a sovvokupnosti i nui oihana o ke kino.