Allotropic ka hoʻololi 'ana

Allotrope pili ana i ka hiki o nā'ātoma o ka hehee ai, e lilo nāʻano o ka poe noonoo ole 'ona. A i hana i huiʻia okoa mai kekahi i kekahi.

Allotropic ka hoʻololi 'ana i hale lio. Ka ikaika puʻe keia, ma ka kekahi wela, i kēia mau waiwai ke neʻe wale nō i loko o ka 'ē aʻe.

Allotropic ka hoʻololi 'ana i ke i hanaʻia o nā lātoma me he okoa ka helu o nā'ātoma. No ka laʻana, ka mea hehee ai ka oxygen pepa'okikene kolu (O3), a me ka maoli waiwai o oxygen (O2).

Allotropic ka hoʻololi 'ana i ia puaʻa hiwa me he okoa aniani' ole. Oia i huiʻia nā, no kekahi laʻana, daimana a me ka graphite. Mau waiwai - kalapona allotropic nā loli. Kēia Nine Inch hehee ai ke hana i ka elima ano waiwai: hexagonal a me cubic daimana, graphite, carbyne (nā 'ano apau loa).

Hexagonal daimana i loaʻa i loko o meteorites, a hoomakaukau iho la ma ka keʻena hoʻokolohua e hooloihi ae i paio hahana maoli nō ma lalo o ka aoao o ka manaʻo koikoi kiʻekiʻe loa.

Diamond ua ike, ka mea, o ka hardest o nā waiwai e ola ma ke ano. Ua piliʻeli ka wā pohaku, a oki aniani. Diamond He aniani moakaka colorless mea pōaka waiwai a loaʻa he kiʻekiʻe svetoprelomlyaemostyu. Diamond nā pōaka i ka maka-e pili ana cubic puka olu oia. Hapalua o ke aniani nā'ātoma aia ma ka ioauoa o nā kihi a me vertices o ke kupa, a me ka hapalua i koe o na nā'ātoma - ma ka ioauoa o ka maka a me vertices o kekahi kupa, i ua offset pili ana i ka olelo mua o ka lewa diagonal. Tetrahedral nā'ātoma i hana i ka ekolu-dimensional maka aha ma a mea, i ka covalent hoopaa.

O nā mea a pau haʻahaʻa waiwai wale ma ka daimana mea i hiki mai i ka i kā mākou helu o nā'ātoma, a i hoolilo loa densely. No laila, ke hui ka loa ikaika a me kaʻoʻoleʻa. Mau nō hoopaa i kalapona tetrahedra i kiʻekiʻe Nine Inch e kū'ē'ē mai. At daimana hiki ke loli wale fluorine paha o oxygen i ka wela o ka ewalu degere.

Me ke kōkua o ke lewa ma lalo ikaika hahana maoli nō kēia o ka daimana ia iho me ke graphite. Kēia waiwai a ua poe ma nā pōaka o ka pouli oho ano. Graphite i ka maule mea hao sheen. Ma ka hoʻopā o ka oily waiwai. Graphite mea i ka pilina paʻa, e hoʻa'ā i, ua he kŘpa a kiʻekiʻe thermal a me ka uila conductivity. Ka waiwai hoʻohana ma o ka hana o ka peni.

hoʻomākaukau synthetically Carbyne. Ua paaʻeleʻele me ka glassy alohilohi. Me ke kōkua o ke lewa ma lalo o paio hahana maoli nō carbyne hoohuliia mai i loko o graphite.

Aia He hoʻokahi hou ke ano o ka kalapona - amorphous kalapona. Kēia unordered 'ole ua loaa ia ma ka paio hahana maoli nō kalapona-i loaʻa i huiʻia. Nui lanahu hoʻokomo kālā i loaʻa i loko o ka hihiu. Ma keia hihia, no ka waiwai loaʻa paha kekahi mauʻano likeʻole. Lanahu hiki hoʻokū 'ia ma ka palapala o ka pouli, iwi Mike Char, a Coke.

E like me ua hōʻike, hoʻokahi allotropic hooponopono hou ana o ka hehee ai i wehewehe aku e okoa interatomic 'ole. Eia kekahi, i kuʻu mai la lakou me kekahi Nine Inch a me ka physical waiwai.

Luaipele mea he hou hehee ai hiki hoi ke allotropes. Keia waiwai ua hoʻohana 'ia e ke kanaka, mai ka manawa kahiko o ka'āina. Aia nāʻokoʻa allotropic ka hoʻololi 'ana o ka luaipele. Ka loa mahaloia ka rhombic. Ua ua poe ma ka melemele paa. Rhombic luaipele ua i pulu loa ma ka wai (nā huina lāʻau lana). Keia waiwai ua hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ka pōʻalo o ka waiwai. Rhombic luaipele Ua wailana i loko o ke aloha nā'uheheʻe. I ka waiwai a ka poe ilihune uila a me ka thermal conductivity.

Eia kekahi, he mea ea, a monoclinic luaipele. Ka mua o ka mea eleele amorphous (laholio-me) nuipa a. Ua Ua hana, ina wai huihui ninini aku au i kii i ka luaipele. Monoclinic poe like poeleele yellow paipu. Ma lalo o ka aoao o ka Ambient (a He kokekau wale i) nā o kēia mau hoʻololi 'ia ana wela kekahi, i loko o ka rhombic luaipele.